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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is energy?
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The ability to do work.
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Einstein's mass-energy equivalence equation
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E=mc^2
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What is ionizing radiation?
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Any type of radiation that is capable of removing an orbital electron from the atom with which it interacts
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What is the mrad?
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Unit describing radiation exposure? (pg. 7)
*Follow up on this question! |
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What is the average level of natural environmental radiation?
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295 mrem
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What is the Coolidge tube?
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A hot-cathode x-ray tube developed by WIlliam D. Coolidge as an improvement to the Crookes tube. It was a vacuum tube that allowed x-ray intensity and energy to be selected separately with great accuracy. X-ray tubes used today are refinements of the Coolidge tube.
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What is Fluoroscopy?
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An x-ray tube (usually) located under the examination table. The radiologist is provided moving images on a television monitor or flat panel display.
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Collimation
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Restricting the useful x-ray beam to the part of the body to be imaged, sparing unnecessary tissue exposure.
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The term applied to the chemistry of the body?
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?
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Barium platinocyanide
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A florescent material that glowed while Wilhelm Roentgen was working with his Crookes tube. The intensity of the glow increased as the plate was brought closer to the tube.
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Roentgen discovers x-rays (year)
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1985
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Roentgen wins first Nobel Prize in physics (year)
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1901
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The Snook transformer is developed (year)
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1907
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The Coolidge hot-cathode x-ray tube is introduced (year)
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1913
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Weight v. Mass
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Mass is the quantity of matter and remains unchanged regardless of its state. Weight varies upon state of matter and is relative to gravity.
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Four examples of electromagnetic radiation
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x-rays, radio waves, microwaves, UV, infared light and visible light
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How is x-ray interaction different from that seen in other types of electromagnetic radiation?
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?
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What is the purpose of x-ray filtration?
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X-ray filtration reduce the hazard associated with x-rays.
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Describe the process that results in the formation of a negative ion and a positive ion
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Ionization is a special type of radiation that is capable of removing an orbital electron from the atom with which it interacts. The orbital electrons and the atom from which it was separated are called an ion pair. The electron is negative and the remaining atom is a positive ion.
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What percentage of average radiation exposure to a human is due to medical x-rays?
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11%
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Why was the discovery of x-rays such an amazing event in human history?
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1: The discovery was accidental
2: No fewer than a dozen contemporaries had observed x-radiation before Roentgen, but they hadn't realized the significance 3: Roentgen followed his discovery with such scientific vigor that within a little over a month he had described x-radiation with nearly all the properties we recognize today. |
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Why is radiography now considered a radiation-safe occupation?
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?
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The acronym ALARA stands for what?
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As Low As Reasonably Achievable
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Name devices designed to minimize radiation exposure to the patient and the operator
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Leaded apron and gloves, lead-lined walls and windows, no abdominal/pelvic exams for pregnant women in 1st trimester unless absolutely necessary.
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Briefly describe the history of x-ray film
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?
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What are the three natural sources of whole-body radiation exposure?
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Internal, Terrestrial, Cosmic, Radon
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What naturally occurring radiation source is responsible for dosing to lung?
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Radon
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How would you define the term "radiation"?
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Energy emitted and transferred through space
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What are cathode rays?
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Electrons
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Place the following in chronological order of appearance:
a) Digital flurorscopy b) American Society of Radiologic Technologists c) Computed tomography (CT) d) Radiographic grids e) Automatic film processing |
b) American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT) 1920
d) Radiographic grids 1921 e) Automatic film processing 1942 c) Computed tomography (CT) 1973 a) Digital fluoroscopy 1977 |
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List 5 clinical skills required by the ARRT
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Obtain vital signs, use sterile or aseptic technique when indicated, perform venipuncture, verify or obtain consent patient consent as necessary, explain procedure instructions to patient or patient's family
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List 5 personal skills required by the AART
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?
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