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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of epithelium is the respiratory tract covered by?
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Pseudostratified cilliated columnar epithelium
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What type of epithelium lines the vestibule of the nasal cavity?
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non keritinized stratified squamous epithelium
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What does the lamina propria contain?
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distended veins (swell bodies)
arteries mucoserous glands |
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The false fold of vocal cord has ___________ epithelium while the true fold has _______________ epithelium.
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respiratory
nonkeratinized stratified squamous |
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When respiratory epithelium undergoes metaplasia it is transformed into ____________________ epithelium
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Non keritinized stratified squamous epithelium
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What kind of tissue comprises the C-shaped ring of the trachea?
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Mainly hyaline cartilage
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These cells release mucous into the airway to trap particulate matter.
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Goblet cells
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____________ sweep mucous toward the oropharynx to be swallowed or expectorated.
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Cilliated cells
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Which primary bronchus has a more vertical path and is usually involved in aspiration?
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The Right Main stem bronchus
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All bronchi (primary, secondary and tertiary) have ____________ and ________________ in their walls lined by respiratory epithelium
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cartilage plates
smooth muscle |
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A segmentectomy involves removing ________ to a bronchopulmonary segment of the lungs
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Tertiary bronchi
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A lobectomy incvolves removing __________ while a pneumonectomy involves the removal of ______________
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secondaary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi |
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Bronchioles lack _________ and _________ by have smooth muscle lined by respiratory epithelium.
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gland
cartilage plates |
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What is the function of clara cells (brochiolar exocrine cells) in the brochioles?
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secrete glycosaminoglycans that prevent the collapse of smaller airways and release ions into the lumen
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___________ are the end of the conducting portion of the respiratory tract and lead into ________ and _________ that function in gas exchange.
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Terminal bronchioles
respiratory bronchioles Aleveolar ducts/alveoli |
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Alveolar ducts are lined with ___________ epithelium and conatain ___________________ not clara cells.
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simple squamous
type 1 and type 2 pneumocytes |
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Aleveoli are seperated from each other by ________ that contain ___________ for pressure equilization between alveoli
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interalveolar septa
alveolar pores |
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What is the function of Type 1 pneumocytes?
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flat and allow gas exchange through their cytoplasm but are unable to divide
less abundant than type 2 but take up much more space |
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What is the function of Type 2 pneumocytes?
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divide and generate both types of pneumocytes
contain lamellar bodies that release surfactant to reduce surface tension more abundant but take up less space |
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What are the three layers of the blood gas barrier?
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Type I pneumocytes and surfactant layer
Basal lamina and pneumocytes of capillary endothelium Capillary endothelium |
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____________ are phagocytic and clen up ultra fine debris from the alveolar spaces and elsewhere in the airway.
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Alveolar macrophages/dust cells
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What muscles are typically involved in inspiration?
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DIAPHRAGM
external intercostals internal inter costals scalene muscle Levator costarum |
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What muscles are typically involved in expiration
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Larger occurs due to the recoil of the diaphragm and soft tissues around it
internal intercostals innermost intercostals subcostal muscles abdominal obliques rectus abdominus Tranversus thoracis |
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Accessory respiratory muscles can become enlarged in conditions such as ________ and ________
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COPD
Emphysema |
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Name some of the impressions that are characteristic to the Right Lung.
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Cardiac impression
Diaphragmatic surface Impression of the esophagus Vertebral impression |
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Name some of the impressions that are characteristic to the Left Lung
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Impression of the aorta
Diaphragmatic surgace Cardiac impression |
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What happens if something fills the normally empty pleural space?
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It compresses or collapses the lungs
Pneumothorax- air chylothoras - lymph hemothorax- blood |
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What allows the lung to be vulnerable in neck trauma?
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the apex of the lung rises above the first rib and therefore is not protected from trauma
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Where is the inferior border of the lungs?
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Anterior 6th costal cartilage
Lateral 8th rib Posterior 10th rib 6,8, 10 |
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Where is the line of the pleural reflection of the lungs?
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anterior 8th costal cartilage
lateral 10th rib posterior 12th rib |
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Where is safest place for a thracocentesis?
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between the inferior border of the lung and the lining of the pleural reflection
Anterior 6-8 costal cartilage Lateral 8-10 rib Posterior 10th-12 th rib |
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__________ of the respiratory diverticulum forms respiratory epithelium
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Endoderm
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What does the viceral layer of the lateral plate mesoderm form?
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cartilage
smooth muscle and associated connective tissue of the larynx, trachea and bronchi |
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In what week of developement do the primary bronchi form?
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By week 5
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what happens in weeks 5-26 of developement?
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respiratory diverticulum enter viceral mesoderm branch and associate with vessels in the mesoderm
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What happens on the 27th week of developement?
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epithelial cells flatten to form blind sacs in much closer contact with vessels
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What happens from birth to 10 yrs?
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branching becomes finer, cells flatten to create more surface area for gas exchange
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Type II pneumocytes begin secreting surfactant by the end of the _________
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6th month
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What muscles become noticeable hypertrophied during prolonged respiratory distress?
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Scalene
Pectoralis major and minor Trapezius Rhomboids |
