Rr-Firstaid-Gi Section

Front 1

GI Embryology - What is made from the foregut?

Back 1

Pharynx to Duodenum

Front 2

GI Embryology - What is made from the midgut?

Back 2

Duodenum to Transverse Colon

Front 3

GI Embryology - What is made from the hindgut?

Back 3

Distal Transverse Colon to Rectum

Front 4

Developmental Defects of Anterior Abdominal Wall Due to Failure of a Rostral Fold Closure would result in?

Back 4

Sternal Defects

Front 5

Developmental Defects of Anterior Abdominal Wall Due to Failure of a Lateral Fold Closure would result in?

Back 5

Omphalocele or Gastroschisis

Front 6

Developmental Defects of Anterior Abdominal Wall Due to Failure of a Caudal Fold Closure would result in?

Back 6

Bladder Exstrophy

Front 7

What is Duodenal Atresia?

Back 7

Failure to recanalize (Trisomy 21)

Front 8

Gastroschisis

Back 8

Extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds; not covered by peritoneum.

Front 9

Omphalocele

Back 9

Persistence of herniation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord, covered by peritoneum.

Front 10

What is esophageal atresia with a distal tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

Back 10

It results in drooling, choking, and vomitng with the first feeding. TEF allows air to enter the stomach which is visible on CXR.

Front 11

With TEF, what is cyanosis secondary to?

Back 11

Laryngospasm - in order to avoid reflux-related aspiration.

Front 12

How do you clinically test for a TEF?

Back 12

Failure to pass a NG tube to the stomach

Front 13

H-type Fistula for TEF is characterized by?

Back 13

Fistula alone. Om [ire atresia, the CXR shows a gasless stomach.

Front 14

Congenital Pyloric Stenosis.

Back 14

Hypertrophy of the pylorus causes obstruction. Palpable "olive" mass in the epigastric reion and nonbilious projectile vomiting at 2 weeks. Treatment is surgical incision. Typically first births.

Front 15

From where is the pancreas derived?

Back 15

Foregut

Front 16

What do the ventral pancreatic buds become?

Back 16

Pancreatic head and main pancreatic duct.

Front 17

What does the ventral pancreatic bud become?

Back 17

Everything else of the pancreas (body, tail, isthmus, and accessory pancreatic duct).

Front 18

What is the annular pancreas?

Back 18

It is the ventral pancreatic bud and it abnormally encircles the 2nd part of the duodenum and forms a rinfg of pancreatic tissue that may cause duodenal narrowing.

Front 19

What is the pancreas divisum?

Back 19

It is when the vental and dorsal parts of the pancreas fail to fuse at 8 weeks.

Front 20

How does the spleen arise?

Back 20

It arises in the mesentery of the stomach, but is supplied by the foregut -- the celiac artery.

Front 21

How are retroperitoneal structures defined?

Back 21

They are those GI structures that lack a mesentery and also non-GI structures.

Front 22

What can injuries to the retroperitoneal structures result in?

Back 22

Blood or gas accumulation in the retroperitoneal space.

Front 23

What are the retroperitoneal orgns?

Back 23

SAD PUCKER:

S: Suprarenal Gland
A: Aorta and IVC
D: Duodenum

P: Pancreas
U: Ureters
C: Colon
K: Kidney
E: Esophagus (lower 2/3)
R: Rectum (lower 2/3)

Front 24

Falciform Ligament

Back 24

Connects liver to the anterior abdominal wall. It is a derivative of the ventral mesentery.

Front 25

Hepatoduodenal Ligament

Back 25

Connects the liver to the duodenum. It contains the portal triad: hepatic artery, portal vein, and common bile duct.

Connects the greater and lesser sacs.

Front 26

Gastrohepatic Ligament

Back 26

Connects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach.

Front 27

Gastrocolic Ligament

Back 27

Connects the greater curvature and the transverse colon.

Front 28

Gastrosplenic Ligament

Back 28

Connects the greater curvature and spleen

Front 29

Splenorenal Ligament

Back 29

Connects the spleen to the posterior abdominal wall.

Front 30

What are the layers of the gut wall?

Back 30

MSMS

- Mucosa - epithelium (absorption), lamina propria (support), muscularis mucosa (motility)

- Submucosa - includes Submucosal nerve plexus (meissners)

- Muscularis Externa - Includes Myenteric Nerve Plexus (auberbachs)

- Serosa

Front 31

Definition of a GI ulcer

Back 31

Extens into submucosa, inner or outer muscular layer

Front 32

Definition of a GI erosion

Back 32

Extend into the mucosa layer only

Front 33

Histology of the Esophagua

Back 33

Non-Keratinized Squamous Epithelium

Front 34

Histology of the Stomach

Back 34

Gastric Glands

Front 35

Histology of the Duodenum

Back 35

Villi and Microvilli increase the absorptive surface
Brunner's glands (submucosa) and crypts of Lieberkuhn

Front 36

Histology of the Jejunum

Back 36

Plicae circulares and crypts of Lieberkuhn

Front 37

Histology of the Illeum

Back 37

Peyer's Patches (lamina propria, submucosa,), Plicae Circulares (proximal ileum), and Crypts of Lieberkun.

Largest number of goblet cells are in the illeum.

Front 38

Histology of the Colon

Back 38

Colon has crypts but no villi, numerous goblet cells.

Front 39

How do the arteries that supply GI structures branch?

Back 39

They branch anteriorly.

Front 40

How do the arteries that supply the non-GI structures branch?

Back 40

They branch laterally.

Front 41

What is Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome?

Back 41

it occurs when the transverse portion (third segment) of the duodenum is entrapped between the SMA and the aorta resulting in intestinal obstruction.

Front 42

What is the GI blood supply and the innervation of the foregut?

Back 42

Celiac Artery.
Para: Vagus
Sym: T12/L1
Structures Supplied: stomach to proximal duodenum. Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Spleen

Front 43

What is the GI blood supply and the innervation of the midgut?

Back 43

Artery: SMA
Para: Vagus
Sym: L1

Structures Supplied: Distal Duodenum to proximal 2/3 or the transverse colon

Front 44

What is the GI blood supply and the innervation of the hindgut?

Back 44

Artery: IMA
Para: Pelvic
Sym: L3

Sturctures Supplied: Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to upper portion of rectum. The splenic fissue is a watershed region.