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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the generator of wakefullness?
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ascending reticular activating system
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What does serotonin do?
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Promotes wakefullness in the ARAS
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What does acetylcholine do?
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Promotes wakefullness and REM (on cholinergic neurons)
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What does histamine do?
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Promotes wakefullness in the posterior hypothalamus
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What are the 5 anatomical sites that control NREM sleep?
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1. Anterior hypothalamus
2.Basal forebrain area 3.Nucleus Tractus Solitarius 4.Dorsal Raphe Nucleus 5.Reticular Thalamic Nuclei |
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Anterior hypothalamus secretes...
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GABA
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Caffiene blocks what in the Anterior hypothalamus?
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adenosine receptors
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What part of the brain interacts with thermosensitive cells?
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Basal forebrain area
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What part of the brain when stimulated produces sleep onset?
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Nucleus Tractus Solitarius
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What causes an arousal?
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Cooling and decreased blood flow of medulla
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How does the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus discharge during sleep?
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Slowly in NREM absent in REM
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Where do spindles come from?
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Reticular Thalamic Nuclei
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What part of the brain preserves sleep?
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Reticular Thalamic Nuclei
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What are the 4 key features of REM?
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1.muscle atonia
2.PGO waves 3.EEG desynch 4.REMs |
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What is responsible for muscle atonia?
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Lateral tegmentio-reticular tracrt ---->spinal cord
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What part of the brain is responsible for PGO waves?
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Lateral geniculate nucleus ---->cortex
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What part of the brain is responsible for EEG desynch?
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cholinergic thalamic neurons
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What part of the brain is responsible for REMs?
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pontine saccade generators
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REM atonia affects all muscles but these three:
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1. extraocular muscles
2.diaphram 3.smooth muscles (ie heart) |
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What does PGO stand for?
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Pons...Geniculate nucleus of thalamus...Occipital cortex
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Four things PGO waves trigger.
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1.muscle twitches
2.eye movements 3.changes in respiration 4.changes in heart rate |
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What two wavesforms are at a maximum in the central region of the brain?
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spindles and alpha waves
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What controls Circadian Rhythm?
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Suprachiasmatic nucleus
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Alertness is most closely linked to ?
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body temp
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What area do most seizures occur?
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Temporal
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What is the gateway structure between the body and the cerebral cortex?
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Thalamus
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Sleep spindles result from the blocking of info between the ____ and the cortex and result from the deactivation of the ____.
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thalamus, RAS
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Wakes and REM have three EEG characteristics.
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1.asynchronus
2.low voltage 3.mixed frequency |
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What is the internal clock?
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Zeitgebers
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What three things influence circadian rhythm?
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1.body temp
2.horomone levels 3.K+ levels |
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Absent endogenous circadiam oscillator leads to...
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arrhythmicity
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