Rpsgt Exam: Sampling Rates And Frequency Settings

Front 1

What is the desirable EEG sampling rate?

Back 1

500 Hz

Front 2

What is the minimum EEG sampling rate?

Back 2

200 Hz

Front 3

What is the desirable EOG sampling rate

Back 3

500 Hz

Front 4

What is the minimum EOG sampling rate?

Back 4

200 Hz

Front 5

What is the desirable EMG sampling rate?

Back 5

500 Hz

Front 6

What is the minimum EMG sampling rate?

Back 6

200 Hz

Front 7

What is the desirable ECG sampling rate?

Back 7

500 Hz

Front 8

What is the minimum ECG sampling rate?

Back 8

200 Hz

Front 9

What is the desirable sampling rate for measuring airflow?

Back 9

100 Hz

Front 10

What is the minimum sampling rate for measuring airflow?

Back 10

20 Hz

Front 11

What is the desirable sampling rate for nasal pressure?

Back 11

100 Hz

Front 12

What is the minimum sampling rate for nasal pressure?

Back 12

25 Hz

Front 13

What is the desirable sampling rate for esophageal pressure?

Back 13

100 Hz

Front 14

What is the minimum sampling rate for esophageal pressure?

Back 14

25 Hz

Front 15

What is the desirable sampling rate for rib cage movements?

Back 15

100 Hz

Front 16

What is the minimum sampling rate for rib cage movements?

Back 16

25 Hz

Front 17

What is the desirable sampling rate for abdomen movements?

Back 17

100 Hz

Front 18

What is the minimum sampling rate for abdomen movements?

Back 18

25 Hz

Front 19

What is the Low Frequency Filter (LFF) setting for EEG?

Back 19

0.3 Hz

Front 20

What is the High Frequency Filter (HFF) setting for EEG?

Back 20

35 Hz

Front 21

What is the LFF setting for EOG?

Back 21

0.3 Hz

Front 22

What is the HFF setting for EOG?

Back 22

35 Hz

Front 23

What is the LFF setting for ECG?

Back 23

0.3 Hz

Front 24

What is the HFF setting for ECG?

Back 24

70 Hz

Front 25

What is the LFF setting for EMG?

Back 25

10 Hz

Front 26

What is the HFF setting for EMG?

Back 26

100 Hz

Front 27

What is the LFF setting for respiration?

Back 27

0.1 Hz

Front 28

What is the HFF setting for respiration?

Back 28

15 Hz

Front 29

What is the LFF setting for snoring?

Back 29

10 Hz

Front 30

What is the HFF setting for snoring?

Back 30

100 Hz

Front 31

What is the definition of amplitude?

Back 31

The amount of voltage measured. Measure from peak to peak of the wave.

Front 32

What is amplitude measured in?

Back 32

cm or mm

Front 33

What is voltage measured in?

Back 33

volts, millivolts, microvolts

Front 34

How is frequency measured?

Back 34

Hertz

Front 35

What is hertz?

Back 35

Number of waves that could fit into a 1 second time period

Front 36

What is frequency?

Back 36

inverse of a waveform's duration, thus a waveform of 0.5 sec duration has a frequency of 2 Hz

Front 37

Negative Polarity of amplifier inputs means?

Back 37

Input 1 is more negative than input 2, the wave deflect up AND input 1 is more positive than Input 2, the wave deflects down

Front 38

Positive Polarity of amplifier means?

Back 38

Input 1 is more positive than Input 2, the wave deflects up AND Input 1 is more negative than Input 2, the wave deflects down

Front 39

What are sampling rates measured in?

Back 39

Hz

Front 40

What is digital resolution?

Back 40

bits per a sample

Front 41

What should the digital resolution of the recording system be?

Back 41

12

Front 42

Sleep Latency

Back 42

minutes, Lights out to 1st epoch of any sleep stage

Front 43

Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO)

Back 43

minutes, time in stage W during total recording minus time in Stage W from lights out to 1st epoch of sleep.

Front 44

Sleep Efficiency Index

Back 44

percent, TST/TRT x 100

Front 45

% Time of sleep in each stage

Back 45

percent, Time in each stage/TST x 100

Front 46

What should the digital resolution of the recording system be?

Back 46

12

Front 47

Sleep Latency

Back 47

minutes, Lights out to 1st epoch of any sleep stage

Front 48

Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO)

Back 48

minutes, time in stage W during total recording minus time in Stage W from lights out to 1st epoch of sleep.

Front 49

Sleep Efficiency Index

Back 49

percent, TST/TRT x 100

Front 50

% Time of sleep in each stage

Back 50

percent, Time in each stage/TST x 100

Front 51

4 main controls of the amplifier

Back 51

1) Sensitivity
2) Low Frequency Filter
3) High Frequency Filter
4) 60 Hz Rejection Filter

Front 52

Alpha Rhythm

Back 52

EEG pattern, trains of sinusodial waves 8-15Hz activity recorded over the occipital region with eye closure and attenuating with eye opening

Front 53

Beta Rhythm

Back 53

EEG rhythm consisting of 13-30 Hz activity

Front 54

Low Frequency Filter

Back 54

decreases the output amplitude over selected ranges of low frequencies and leaves higher frequencies unattenuated

Front 55

Macroshock

Back 55

Shock that involves large and quite predictable currents passing from one external surface area to another

Front 56

3 Potential Sources of Stray Electrical Current

Back 56

1) Short Circuit
2) Leakage Current
3) Ground Loop

Front 57

60 Hz Interference

Back 57

Impedances greater than 10,000 ohms allows for greater potential of electrode imbalance and the appearance of interference

Front 58

Deflection is measure din

Back 58

millimeters

Front 59

Time Constant

Back 59

measure of how a signal is displayed. Determined by voltage of signal and high/low frequency filters used

Front 60

Output voltage calculation

Back 60

Exploring electrode-reference electrode

Front 61

Sensitivity calculation

Back 61

voltage/deflection

Front 62

P.L.A.C.E.S (Artifact Trouble-shooting)

Back 62

Patient
Location
Application
Connection
Equipment
Settings

Front 63

High Frequency Filter

Back 63

decreases output amplitudes over selected ranges of high frequencies but does not change amplitudes of lower frequencies

Front 64

Posterior Waves (PSW)

Back 64

Intermittent, bilateral asymmetric 2.4-4.5Hz slow waves super-imposed, riding upon, or fused with dominant posterior waves. Blocked with eye opening and disappeers with drowsiness and sleep. Is uncommon in children <2years old, max between 8-14 years, uncommon after 21 years

Front 65

Sensitivity

Back 65

control acts to decrease equally the output amplitude of the system at all output frequencies when decreased. When increased, less attenuation and output amplitude increases equally at all input frequencies

Front 66

Gain

Back 66

Degree of magnification of amplitude signal. Not directly measured

Front 67

Respiratory Artifact

Back 67

Two Types
1) Fairly rhythmic, slow activity synchronous with the body mvmt related to respiration. Causes mechanically induced impedance changes in an electrode

2) Slow or sharp wave occurring synchronously with inhalation and/or exhalation, involving only some electrodes, usually those on which the pt is lying.

3) Eliminated by repositioning the head

Front 68

Electrode Pop

Back 68

simulate a spike or sharp wave, caused by electrically unstable electrode, by a drying electrode, or by slight mechanical instability that changes the area of electrode surface in contact with skin.

Front 69

Pacemaker Artifact

Back 69

Fast spike which is the electrical stimulus delivered to the heart by an internal cardiac pacemaker

Front 70

Muscle Artifact

Back 70

Some electrode derivations may be more or less obscured by continuous EMG activity with a voltage higher than the EEG.

Common in frontal and temporal areas

Generalized in referential recording

Most often while awake

Front 71

Pulse Artifact

Back 71

mechanical movement caused by pulsation of an artery can cause a slow wave that sometimes stimulates EEG activity. Can occur in any lead. Relocation of electrode may eliminate artifact

Front 72

Cornea-Retinal Potential

Back 72

Orbit of eye effectively a battery
Front of eye electropositive
Back of eye electronegative

Front 73

ECG Artifact

Back 73

Artifact at scalp is small and masked by most waking and sleeping EEG activity
Presence related to the field of the heart potentials over surface of scalp
Short, stout persons with short and wide neck present largest EKG artifact
voltage and surface polarity will vary from derivation to derivation

Front 74

Positive Occipital Transients of Sleep (POSTS)

Back 74

surface positive transients in occipital area that may emerge, prominent in some subjects and may be absent in others. Normal

Front 75

Dysrhythmic

Back 75

rhythms and/or pattens of EEG activity that characteristically appear in patient groups and are rarely or never seen in healthy subjects

Implication regarding not only specific frequencies but morphology which depends on mixture of frequencies

Front 76

Rhythmic

Back 76

EEG activity consisting of waves of approximately constant frequency

Front 77

Focal

Back 77

From from a local region

Front 78

Generalized

Back 78

Not limited to a specific area

Front 79

Synchrony

Back 79

Simultaneous appearance of rhythmic or morphologically distinct patterns over different regions of the head either on the same side (unilateral) or both sides (bilateral)

Front 80

Paroxysmal

Back 80

Activity that emerges from background with a rapid onset reaching quite high voltage and ending with an abrupt return to lower voltage activity. Associated with change in frequency and morphology

Front 81

Laterlized Activity

Back 81

coming from one side

Front 82

Mu Rhythm

Back 82

Morphologically and topographically distinct EEG activity seen in central areas, frequency is about 9 Hz

Front 83

Surface Electrodes

Back 83

4-10mm in diameter
-gold, silver-silver chloride
-bright silver
-tin
-not pure gold

Front 84

Common Mode Rejection Ratio

Back 84

the degree to which an amplifier will reject a common mode signal

Front 85

Monomorphic EEG

Back 85

Distinct EEG activity appearing to be composed of one dominant frequency

Front 86

Low Amplitude, Mixed Frequency Activity

Back 86

An EEG pattern consisting of low amplitude, predominately 4-7 Hz activity

Front 87

REM Atonia Does Not Effect (Muscles)

Back 87

1) extraocular muscles
2) diaphragm
3) Smooth muscles (heart)

Front 88

Tonic REM

Back 88

No eye movements

Front 89

4 Key Features of REM

Back 89

1) muscle atonia
2) PGO waves
3) EEG desynchrony
4) REMs

Front 90

Reading Eye Movements

Back 90

EOG events consisting of trains of conjugate eye movements consisting of a slow phase followed by a rapid phase in the opposite direction as the subject reads

Front 91

Dynamic Range of System

Back 91

Range of input voltages between the least voltage that can be measured and the maximum voltage that can be measured

Front 92

Transient Muscle Activity

Back 92

Short, irregular, bursts of EMG activity usually with duration of <0.25 seconds, superimposed on low EMG tone. The activity can be seen in chin or anterior tibial EMG durations as well as in EEG or EOG derviations, the latter indicating activity of cranial nerve innervated muscle. Maximal with REMs

Front 93

Hypnagogic Hypersynchrony

Back 93

An EEG pattern consisting of paroxysmal runs or bursts of diffuse high amplitude sinusodial 75-85 mV, 3-4.5 Hz waves which begin abruptly, are usually widely distributed but often maximal over the central, frontal, or frontocentral scalp regions

Front 94

Theta Rhythm

Back 94

An EEG rhythm consisting of 4-8 Hz activity

Front 95

Dominant Posterior Rhythm

Back 95

An EEG pattern with frequency appropriate to age which is observed over the occipital regions during relaxed wakefulness with eyes closed and attenuates with eye opening or attention

Front 96

Delta Rhythm

Back 96

An EEG rhythm consisting of 1-4 Hz activity

Front 97

Rhythmic Theta Activity

Back 97

An EEG pattern consisting of runs of 6-7Hz rhythmic theta activity maximal over the frontal or frontocentral regions

Front 98

Alpha Wave Frequency

Back 98

8-13 Hz

Front 99

Slow Wave Sleep Frequency

Back 99

0.5-2.0 Hz

Front 100

Beta Frequency

Back 100

>13 Hz

Front 101

Delta Wave Frequency

Back 101

0.5-3.9 Hz

Front 102

Theta Wave Frequency

Back 102

4-7.9 Hz