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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of seizure?
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Uncontrolled, abnormal electrical discharges in the brain
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What are the basic characteristics of seizures?
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1) cause change in awareness, mvmt, and/or sensations
2) one seizure usually lasts a few minutes 3) can occur during waking and sleep 4) during sleep, occur commonly in NREM |
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What is the definition of epilepsy?
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neurologic disorder in which a person has a tendency to have seizures
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What is the definition of ictus?
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older term for seizure
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What is the definition of ictal?
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time in which a seizure occurs
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What is the definition of pre-ictal?
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period before a seizure
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What is the definition of post-ictal
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period after seizure
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What is the definition of inter-ictal?
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period between two seizures
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What information concerning pts with seizures should PSG tech find out?
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1) When diagnosed
2) Good seizure control? 3) Last seizure 4) What happens during 5) Did pt takes meds day of sleep study 6) Febrile seizures? 7) Know emergency protocol |
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What are interictal discharges?
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single spikes or sharp waves or complexes with spikes followed by slow waves and without clinical event (pt doesn't change)
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What are interictal discharges like during NREM sleep?
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discharges spread more easily and lead to clinically significant seizures
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What are the interictal discharges like during REM sleep?
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relatively, "antiepileptic" state; discharges do not spread as easily during REM and seizures generally not clinically significant
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What are the characteristics for an ictal event?
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EEG contains spikes and sharp waves that last for several seconds or minutes and usually associated with clinical manifestations
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What are Generalized Seizures?
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1) Discharges that affect both sides of the brain (cerebral hemispheres) simultaneously
2) Produce loss of consciousness -generalize tonic-clonic -absence seizures |
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What are Partial Seizures?
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Discharges originate in one part of the brain
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What are Partial Complex Seizures?
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produce impairment in consciousness
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What are Partial Simple Seizures?
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consciousness is retained
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What are Partial Seizures with Secondary Generalization?
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partial seizure which spreads to include both cerebral hemispheres, causing generalized seizure
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What are the characteristics of Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures?
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1) Limbs stiffen and are rigid (tonic phase)
2) after stiffening, limbs and face begin to jerk rhythmically (clonic) phase 3) Pt may have loss of bowel or bladder 4) Usually lasts for a few minutes 5) Pt usually confused afterward or complains of fatigue, headache 6) pt may not breathe during tonic phase, breathing may be labored during clonic phase and after seizure 7) don't start breathing, CPR and 911 |
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What are the characteristics of an Absence (petit-mal) Seizure
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1) begins and ends abruptly
2) beings with blank stare 3) lasts a few seconds 4) may be accompanied with rapid eye blinking 5) returns to full consciousness after the seizure but unaware that seizure occurred 6) can be triggered by counting or repeating ABCs 7) More common in children |
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What are the characteristics of a Simple Partial Seizure?
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1) No loss of consciousness
2) Sometimes can't talk 3) Can affect -movement -emotions -sensations -Deja vu -Jamous vu (unfamiliar surroundings) |
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What are the characteristics of a Complex Partial Seizure?
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1) affect large part of the brain
2) may appear to be in trance with a blank stare, don't respond to questions 3) may walk but mvmts are undirected, purposeless, unorganized 4) may stare or look dazed or afraid 5) lip smacking, chewing, mumbling 6) random picking at clothes, mvmts, undirected and purposeless |
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What may happen and what should you do if a patient has a partial or absence seizure?
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1) remain calm and reassuring
2) make sure recording and video are running 3) remove any dangerous objects 4) gently guide from large dangerous objects 5) Pt may "automatically" lash out if held too forcefully 6) Ask to remember words and test once over 7) Remain with pt till fully alert 8) Be familiar with facility protocol |
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What is the emergency management/procedure for Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures?
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1) Notify other techs
2) turn pt on their side 3) protect from sharp objects 4) loosen any tight clothes 5) do not restrain 6) do not shove anything into mouth 7) stay with pt till sure it's over 8) stay back if belligerent 9) watch closely- did it start in arm or other limbs? |
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What is Status Epilepticus?
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repeated seizures occurring frequently enough so pt doesn't recover
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What is the procedure for Status Epilepticus?
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1) MEDICAL EMERGENCY
2) call 911 or code 3) follow steps of generalized tonic clonic seizures 4) Notify medical director |
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What do you do if the patients first seizure occurs in the sleep facility?
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1) follow instructions for seizure
2) video record and observe pt closely 3) parasomnia? 4) document in detail in tech notes: -date and time -length -type of body mvmts and parts |
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What are the similarities between seizures and arousal disorders?
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1) abrupt onset
2) pts confused and disoriented 3) pts don't remember event 4) occur during NREM 5) hard to differentiate |
