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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rank the following in terms of penetration into the body: aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, vancomycin
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beta-lactams>aminoglycosides>vancomycin
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Explain vancomycin:
class, indication, -cidal or -static, dependence on concentration |
-glycopeptide antibiotic and primary MRSA agent
-gram positive bacteria -concentration independent -bactericidal |
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Name the major side effect of vancomycin use:
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Red man syndrome--face flushing due to histamine release (lower dosage rate to avoid syndrome)
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Vancomycin: trough, F, Vd, t1/2
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--trough=10-20 mcg/ml
--bioavailability=<5% --Vd=0.7 L/kg --t1/2=6-8 hr |
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In terms of AUC, MIC, T>MIC, Peak, Trough, what is the effectiveness of vanco based on?
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AUC/MIC
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In which areas of the body is vancomycin penetration especially bad?
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lungs, CNS
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Name three aminoglycosides:
What is their indication? What does their effectiveness depend on? What side effects are they associated with? |
--gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin
--gram positive and gram negative --concentration --renal and ototoxicity |
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Name four reasons single-dose aminoglycoside usage is beneficial:
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--higher peak concentrations should increase efficacy
--significant PAE allows for longer dosing intervals --lower trough concentrations should improve safety --longer dosing intervals may decrease resistance |
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Indicate the following parameters for each drug: peak, trough, Vd, t1/2
--Gentamicin and tobramycin --amikacin |
gent and tobr
--peak 4-12 mcg/ml --trough <2 mcg/ml amikacin --peak 20-30 mcg/ml --trough <10 mcg/ml Vd = 0.25 L/kg t1/2 = 2-3 hr |
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In terms of AUC, MIC, Peak, Trough, and T>MIC, what does aminoglycoside efficacy depend on?
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Peak/MIC ratio
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Which body weight is vancomycin dosing based on?
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total body weight
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Explain extended interval dosing with aminoglycosides:
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--increase peak/MIC ratio with larger doses
--longer interval between doses --utilize the concentration dependent effect for increased efficacy --minimize toxicity with lower trough concentration between doses --also, extending dosage intervals allows us to take advantage of the PAE |
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List several populations in which extended dosing should not be used:
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pediatrics
pregnancy burn patietns ascites CrCl < 20 ml/min dialysis |
