Rouzer Ch20

Front 1

鄒

Back 1

zou1
The state of Zou (Name of a small state near 魯 and 齊).

Front 2

孟
2

Back 2

meng4
1. Beginning, initial [used to describe the first month of each season].
*2. [A surname].

Front 3

軻

Back 3

ke1
Pair of wheels; axle tree.

Front 4

孟軻

Back 4

meng4ke1
Meng Ke (personal name of the philosopher Mencius 孟子).

Front 5

舍
2

Back 5

shè (1), shĕ (2)
*1. Lodging, abode; to lodge at, to reside in.
2. To reject, to cast aside, to throw away, to let go.

With meaning #2 the word is often written as 捨.

Front 6

墓

Back 6

mu4
Tomb, grave mound.

Front 7

嬉

Back 7

xi1
To enjoy, to be pleased; to play, to amuse oneself.

Front 8

踴

Back 8

yong3
To leap and jump about.

With 躍 (561), 踴 forms a compound 踴躍, meaning “to leap about and dance (with enthusiasm or joy).” 踴 is sometimes written 踊.

Front 9

築

Back 9

zhu2
To build [usually through ramming earth].

Front 10

埋

Back 10

mai2
To bury.

Front 11

傍

Back 11

pang2
Side, beside; to be at the side of.

Front 12

戲

Back 12

xi4
Game; to play, to tease; drama.

Front 13

賈

Back 13

gu3
Merchant; mercantile activities.

Don’t confuse with 賣 (720)!

Front 14

衒

Back 14

xuan4
To display [often goods in a shop or market stall].

Front 15

徙

Back 15

xi3
To move [one’s place of residence].

Don’t confuse with 徒 (337)!

Front 16

學

Back 16

xue2
To study; study, erudition.

Front 17

學宮

Back 17

xue2gong1
School.

Front 18

俎

Back 18

zu3
[Platter used in religious sacrifices.]

Front 19

豆
2

Back 19

dou4
*1. Bowl [here, a special bowl used in religious sacrifices].
2. Beans.

Front 20

揖

Back 20

yi1
To bow.

Front 21

退

Back 21

tui4
To retreat, to withdraw.

進退 here refers to proper considerations of when to advance or retreat under the guidelines of ritual (禮).

Front 22

藝

Back 22

yi4
Art, craft, artistic accomplishment.

Front 23

六藝

Back 23

liu4yi4
The Six Arts.

For an early Chinese gentleman, these were rites, music, archery, charioteering, writing, and mathematics.

Front 24

儒

Back 24

ru2
Scholar, Confucian, Confucian gentleman.

This is the character that comes closest to designating Confucianism as a philosophy or way of life.

Front 25

漸

Back 25

jian4
Gradual; gradually, finally.

Front 26

姝

Back 26

shu1
Beautiful, handsome, fine.

Front 27

績

Back 27

ji1
Spinning thread; unthreading silk cocoons.

This was considered classic women’s work.

Front 28

自若

Back 28

zi4ruo4
Same as usual; nothing different.

Idiomatic expression. This can also mean “calm,” “composed.”

Front 29

斷

Back 29

duan4
To break, to sever, to cut off; to decide.

Front 30

織

Back 30

zhi1
To weave; weaving; woven cloth.

Front 31

斯
2

Back 31

si1
*1. This, these [substitution for 此 – 145].
2. Then [substitution for 則 – 153].

As you can see, this character is generally used to express two meanings that are more often represented by other characters.

Front 32

廣

Back 32

guang3
Broad; to broaden.

Front 33

是以

Back 33

shi4yi3
Consequently, therefore.

Idiomatic inversion of 以是, “by means of this.” Synonym: 故 (285-1).

Front 34

寧
3

Back 34

ning2
*1. At peace, peaceful, calm.
*2. How . . .? [rhetorical question, same meaning as 豈 (602)].
3. To prefer to, rather.

Note that while meaning #1 occurs here first in the synonym compound 安寧, the second meaning occurs two lines later. The third meaning doesn’t occur until Lesson 40.

Front 35

害

Back 35

hai4
Harm, damage, disaster; to harm.

Front 36

免

Back 36

mian3
To avoid, to escape.

Front 37

廝

Back 37

si1
Menial servant.

Front 38

役

Back 38

yi4
Servant; servitude.

Front 39

乏

Back 39

fa2
To be lacking.

Front 40

糧

Back 40

liang2
Provisions, grain, food.

Front 41

男

Back 41

nan2
Man, male; son.

Front 42

墮
2

Back 42

duo4
1. To fall, to sink.
*2. To become indolent, lazy, or careless.

The second group of meanings acts as a substitute for 惰.

Front 43

勤

Back 43

qin2
To strive, to make an effort.

Front 44

子思

Back 44

zi3si1
Zisi [Name of one of Confucius’ most important disciples].