Ross 22 - Embryology Dev Of Heart I Dx

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EMBRYOLOGY 22 - DEV OF HEART I Dx

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EMBRYOLOGY 22 - DEV OF HEART I Dx

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Dextrocardia

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-Heart is inversely developed.
-Can happen in isolation or with SITUS INVERTUS.
-Isolated usually accompanied by: SINGLE VENTRICLE or other VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS.

Front 3

Probe Patent Foramen Ovale

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-Common (25% of people).
-Incomplete adhesion between septum primum & secundum after birth allowing small passage of blood.
S/S: FREQUENT MIGRAINES

Front 4

Ostium Secundum Defects

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-ACYANOTIC.
-Examples: resorption of septum prim. in abnormal locations, excessive resorption of septum prim. (sometimes combined with large foramen ovale), defective dev. of septum sec.
S/S: (later in life) fatigue w/ SOB, palpitations/atrial dysrhythmias, systolic murmur, diastolic murmur with large shunts

Front 5

Endocardial Cushion Defects with Ostium Primum Defect

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-ACYANOTIC.
-Septum primum DOES NOT fuse with endocardial cushions.
-Patent ostium primum.
S/S: mitral valve defect w/ mitral valve cleft

Front 6

Sinus Venosus Defect

Back 6

-ACYANOTIC.
-More rare.
-Interatrial septum close to SVC, results from incomplete absorption of sinus venosus into right atrium and/or abnormal dev. of septum sec.
S/S: PULMONARY VEIN PROBLEMS (sometimes attached to the RIGHT ATRIUM)

Front 7

Cor Triloculare Biventriculare

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-ACYANOTIC.
-AKA "Common Atrium" w/ THREE chambered heart.
-Associated w/ heterotaxy syndrome (abnormally distributed visceral organs in thorax/abd.)

Front 8

Premature Closure of Foramen Ovale

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-Closure of FO during prenatal life.
-Hypertrophy of RIGHT VENTRICLE w/ UNDERDEV. of LEFT VENTRICLE.
-DEATH shortly after birth.

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Membranous Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

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-ACYANOTIC.
-MOST COMMON (~70%).
-Defects in the AORTICOPULMONARY SEPTUM.
-Large VSDs can cause EXCESSIVE PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW (like L to R shunt).

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Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

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-ACYANOTIC.
-Less common.
-Single or multiple defects ("swiss cheese").
-Normally spontaneously closed.

Front 11

Cor Triloculare Biatriatum

Back 11

-ACYANOTIC.
-AKA "Common Ventricle".
-Failure of membranous and muscular IV septum to form.

Front 12

Persistent Truncus Arteriosus

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-CYANOTIC.
-Blood shunts from PULM. TRUNK to AORTA allowing deoxygenated blood back into the system.
-If untreated, infant will die in approx. 2 years.

Front 13

Transposition of the Great Vessels

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-CYANOTIC.
-AORTA ends up connecting to the RIGHT VENTRICLE.
-PULM. TRUNK ends up connecting to the LEFT VENTRICLE.
-Two independent systems are formed without diffusion of O2 from the lungs.
S/S: cyanosis, SOB, cardiac arrest
Treatment: PROSTAGLANDIN to keep duct. arteriosus open until shunt can be Sx installed.

Front 14

Tetralogy of Fallot

Back 14

-CYANOTIC.
-"PROVe"
-Results in: Pulmonary Stenosis, Right Ventricular Hypertrophy, Overriding Aorta (rightwardly displaced), and membranous VSD.
Treatment: Sx