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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What types of people, according to Aristotle, can live without a city? What does he mean by this? |
Subpar people or Gods live without a city. Either the city doesn't want you, or you don't need to a city. A city is formed by a family and then a collection of families: it is easier to live collectively than in isolation. Living well: Exposed to different ideas, importance of speech, and making space for philosophy |
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Why does Socrates believe no one is wiser than he is ? |
In The Apology, Socrates told the jury that the Delphi Oracle (the Gods) said that no man is wiser than he. He then interpreted this as a divine right. When he goes to the three people: the Wisemen, the Poets, and the Craftsman they weren't as wise as he. Only he knows that he knows nothing "I am wiser than this man; it is likely that neither of us knows anything worthwhile, but he thinks he knows something, when he does not" |
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What argument does Crito present to Socrates? |
1) Crito thinks that the trial was nonsensical and that Socrates is taking the "easiest path." He owes it to himself and is justifying his trial. 2)He also believes that Socrates death will look poorly on him and the homies since they couldn't get him out. 3) Crito states that Socrates has an obligation to nurture and education his children. If he dies, they will be orphaned. |
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Why does the Republic begin at the Piraeus (and for that matter, what is the Piraeus)? |
Socrates and Glaucon were coming back from a festival and talked about the desires/deviance of Piraeus. The thirty tyrants were expelled there and the rebellion started.
Piraeus is the port of Athens, situated six miles from the city. It is the city of Athenian commerce. Like most cities, it is a place of vast diversity and disorder. Therefore, it is an appropriate place for outlandish living. Hub for democracy and actions of dialogue. |
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What are the three types of rule, according to Aristotle? |
Types of People -Master -Slaves -Women Children Relationships/Rule 1) Master makes the rules/thinking things through and the slave has to go with it/can not rule over. RESPECT YO SLAVES THOUGH (not hereditary) 2) Spousal: Women can not do anything other than a domestic role. The man is more capable of leadership. 3) Rule children in a kingly fashion authoritarian behavior. Evolves over time assuming that the child will become independent. Teach your child the way of life. |
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What is Aristotle's critique of the Republic? |
Aristotle takes the Republic as literal as possible. Aristotle looks at the end goal for regimes as a democracy while Plato sees them ending in Tyranny. Plato is too idealistic for Aristotle. Plato sees rulers as idealistic while Aristotle wants to stop looking for the best people, take what you got, and shape them. This isn't how humans actually react and this society will not work because of human nature. |
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According to Aristotle, what are the six different types of regimes and how are they are related to each other? |
Two types: Legitimate and Corrupt Legitimate (Just): rules for the sake of the rule -Kingship (Monarchy): ruled by one -Aristocracy: ruled by some -Polity: ruled by all Corrupt (Unjust): rules for the sake of the ruler -Tyranny: ruled by one -Oligarchy: ruled by some -Democracy: ruled by all Monarchy-->Tyranny Aristocracy --> Oligarchy Polity--> Democracy |
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What are Plato's five regimes? Why is it a cycle? |
1) Aristocracy: goodness and justice-->honor 2)Timocracy: honor/victory-->wealth 3) Oligarchy: wealth--> equality 4) Democracy: equality-->demagogue 5) Tyranny: Hopefully you have a Philosopher King Each regime has seeds of the other.
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What does Socrates think the problem with poets and artisans (craftsmen) is? |
Socrates rejects any form of art and states that artists have no place in his city. He thinks that artists create thing only for them to be copies of another idea or what we call inspiration. They imitate what they see which gets Socrates mad. This compares to his criticism of poets in the Apology because he explains that poets have some wisdom because they are creative and can be abstract. However, they don’t know what to do with their wisdom. |
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What is the structure of Plato cities? How does that related to the heart and soul? |
Bronze- artisans, shopkeepers, etc.--> good at acquiring things--> acquisitive Silver- military-->irrational using the arts to get them on the right train of thought--> spirited Gold- politicians deliberative to evaluate things which all related back to the soul in book one-->deliberative The three characteristics: acquisitive, spirited, and deliberative all make up the soul of the citizens. |
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Plato v. Aristotle |
Method: deductive- state the premise first/adding extra variables/theoretical outcomes/Socratic dialogue v inductive- prediction/this is the world as it is Nature: soul/organic metaphor with the blood types/ cities naturally form/ illogical to have issues within (assuming everyone is happy with their job)/ v some things are natural but there are bound to be issues/ different relationships between people/we shouldn't mess with what's working with the children relationship Prepolitical life: none is required-silver women are above bronze men but subordinate to silver men v relationships of people and pre-date the idea of greater politics (political animals) Philosophy: King v some people can if they want Regime Types: see notes Ideal City: how v what Evil: specialized ideal so no evil v people can beTruth and Falsehood: both believe that the truth is out there Education: specialized v universal Context: conversational approach in Piraeus/30 tyrants v response to The Republic/ no conversation/ a lecture Justice: 3 definitions v treat people how they should be treated Religion: God's matter v not really talked about |
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3 takeaways according to Boatright: |
1)Education as a means of solving: inequality, combating regimes, making intelligent decisions 2) Polity: different people rule at various times which gives it more stability. "being ruled and getting ruled." 3) Aristotle takes the Republic as literal as possible especially when it comes to Tyrants. He believes that they will either repress society or give citizens everything they need. |
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What are the three definitions of justice in The Republic? How do they differ from Aristotle's definition? |
1) Cephalos: true to your legal obligation, "paying back what is owed." 2) Polemarchus: do good to friends and be harmful to enemies, "give people what is owed and filled." 3) Thrasymachus: justice is nothing but the advantage of the stronger Aristotle's definition can be related to Polemarchus because he believes you should treat people the way they should be treated. He wants people to recognize those unequal to us. |
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What is a noble lie? How does this relate to the Republic? |
Myth or untruth, often, but not invariably, of a religious nature, knowingly told by an elite to maintain social harmony or to advance an agenda. This is related to the Republic because they come up with the metaphor of the city through the medal classes. |
