Roots And Stems

Front 1

Primary Root

Back 1

This is the first root that comes from the seed and is the biggest.

Front 2

Secondary Root

Back 2

smaller root branches growing sideways from a primary root.

Front 3

Runners

Back 3

slender stem producing roots, sometimes at the nodes. Examples of plants are strawberries.

Front 4

Heartwood

Back 4

This tissue is the center of a stem. It does not transport minerals or water. It is more used as a type of support.

Front 5

Taproot System

Back 5

root systems where the primary root and it is the dominant root, a very small secondary root may be present.

Front 6

adventitious roots

Back 6

Adventitious roots are roots that develop from a part of a plant other than the root. Specialized roots that grow from stems and leaves

Front 7

Pericycle

Back 7

a thin layer of plant tissue between the endodermis and the phloem.

Front 8

Annual

Back 8

a flower that preforms their entire life cycle in one growing season.

Front 9

Perennial

Back 9

Plants that persist for many growing seasons

Plants that reproduce constantly every year

Front 10

Tubers

Back 10

underground stems which grow along the ground producing shoots and roots at their nodes. White potatoes form an underground stem which is specialized for carbohydrate storage

Front 11

Sap

Back 11

fluid within any part of a plant found mostly in xylem and phloem tissues.

Front 12

Sapwood

Back 12

the younger, softer, outer wood in tree trunks that is important for transporting water and dissolved materials as well as for support

Front 13

Cork cambium

Back 13

Lateral meristem that allows for secondary growth and becomes part of the periderm

Front 14

root cap

Back 14

This is a loose mass of cells that form a protective cover for the apical meristems of most root tips.

Front 15

Root hairs

Back 15

fibrous growths on a root that increase surface area for absorption. Root hairs are microscopic extensions of epidermal cells near the tip of a root.

Front 16

Bark

Back 16

The outer covering of a tree. It is called a periderm as it replaces the epidermis (the outer cell layer).

Front 17

Heartwood

Back 17

the dense inner part of a tree trunk, yielding the hardest timber. It is the center of a stem. It does not transport minerals or water. It is more used as a type of support.

Front 18

Fibrous Roots:

Back 18

root system whose primary roots have disintegrated and have been replaced

Front 19

Endodermis

Back 19

a layer of cells around the vascular cylinder, made up of rectangle-shaped cells (part of the cortex). The tissue control movement of substances in the plant.

Front 20

Cork

Back 20

The periderm produced by cork cambium.

Front 21

Herbaceous

Back 21

plants that die down completely (nothing left above ground) at the end of the growing season. They have green stems, no woody tissue.

Front 22

Woody Stems

Back 22

Plants that have wood as their structural base (stem) and don't completely die down. example Trees