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20 Cards in this Set

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P. 15


When is the brain and personality completely developed?

late teens or early twenties

P. 15


Neuroadaptation



The process whereby the body compensates for the presence of a chemical in the body so that it can continue to function normally.

P.15


Neuroplasticity



The process in which your brain's neural synapses and pathways are altered as an effect of environmental, behavioral and neural changes. (The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life.)

P.15


Neurodegeneration

The umbrella term for the progressive loss of structure and function of neurons.

P. 16


Central Nervous System (CNS)three major structures:

1. The brain


2. The brainstem


3. The spinal cord

P. 16


Peripheral Nervous System is divided into what two branches?



1. Somatic branch (voluntary motor movement)


2. Autonomic branch (ANS) controls internal organs, blood vessels, and endocrine and exocrine glands.



P.16


The ANS is further divided into what two branches?

1. Sympathetic branch (fight or flight)


2. Parasympathetic branch (homeostasis) (restorative)

P. 16


The brain is divided into what three basic components?

1. Cerebrum (outer & upper most part of the brain)


2. Cerebellum (the little brain, posterior region)


3. Brainstem (structurally continues with the spinal cord)

P. 16


The cerebrum consists of the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex is:

(the outer grey matter) and the interior white matter (contains bundles of myelinated neuronal axons that link to 2 hemispheres with other brain and spinal cord components.

P.16


The cerebral cortex is divided into what 3 parts?

1. Motor cortex (controls movement of voluntary muscles)


2. Sensory cortex (receives incoming stimuli from visual, auditory, pressure, and touch receptors)


3. Association cortex (interprets incoming sensory stimuli and is the site of intellect, memory, language, and emotion)

P.16


The frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes are connected by a band of axons called the?

Corpus callosum

P. 16


Ascending and descending pathways carry information between:

the brain and spinal cord

P.16


The descending pathways traveling from the cerebral cortex to spinal cord cross the ____________ of the brain.

opposite




(Thus an injury to the left frontal area may affect motor functioning on the right side of the body).

P. 17


Frontal lobe three major functions

1. decision making


2. working memory


3. personality

P.17


Broca's area is part of the motor cortex. Damage to this area can result in_____________.

difficulty speaking (Broca's aphasia)

P.17


Apraxia:



disturbance in the organization of voluntary action (putting on clothes)

P.17


Agnosia:

disorganization of perception and recognition (parietal lobe)
Alogia:
poverty of speech (word searching)

P.17


The Temporal lobe is especially important for:

hearing, interpreting language, learning and memory, and emotional responses



P.17


Receptive aphasia (unable to interpret spoken language) may result from damage to the _________

Wernicke's area (temporal cortex).