Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Alps
|
mountains in northern Italy, many invaders passed through it
|
|
|
Appennines
|
mountains cut through Italy
|
|
|
Tiber River
|
Rome built by shallowest part of it, prime location for trade
|
|
|
Mediterranean Sea
|
"middle of earth"
used by later Rome for trade, early Romans had few harbors |
|
|
Rubicon River
|
became infamous b/c Roman law prohibits generals from leading armies across it, became traitors
|
|
|
Latins
|
earliest settlers, central plains of Latium, united to become Rome
|
|
|
Etruscans
|
unknown origins, conquered/ oppressed Latins but brought new language and civilized techniques
|
|
|
Tarquin The Proud
|
Etrusc. king, son raped Latin women, triggered rebellion
|
|
|
Coursus Honorum
|
order of prerequisites that all elected officials had to go through
|
|
|
Republic
|
gov't where citizens elect officials, representative democracy
|
|
|
Senate
|
300 Senators
most powerful body in gov't |
|
|
Popular Assemblies
|
several, composed of citizens
elected 10 tribunes |
|
|
Magistrates
|
any kind of gov't leaders
|
|
|
Consuls
|
2, elected for 1 yr terms
ran gov't, chief military commanders |
|
|
Praetors
|
elected to run legal system/ interpret laws
|
|
|
Aedile
|
4, in charge of public works, spent money to hold parties for popularity
|
|
|
Censors
|
elected every 5 yrs for 18 month terms
|
|
|
Dictator
|
appointed in times of emergency, total power
|
|
|
Patricians
|
powerful aristocrats
|
|
|
Plebeians
|
lower class, slowly won equal rights
|
|
|
Equites
|
middle class, important deciding power for elections
|
|
|
Legions
|
main unit of Roman army
4,500-6,000 men |
|
|
Paterfamilias
|
father of family, held absolute power within family
|
|
|
Carthage
|
trading rival in North Africa, both cities threatened each others' expansion
fought Punic wars |
|
|
1st Punic War
|
264-241 BC
Roman navy won Carthage paid indemnity, gave up Sicily |
|
|
Indemnity
|
$ paid after war for damages
|
|
|
2nd Punic War
|
218-202 BC
Hannibal led C.'s through Alps, raided Roman countryside Roman Scipio defeated H. near Carthage |
|
|
Hannibal
|
Greatest C. general, made army w/ elephants, soldiers, cavalry
|
|
|
Battle of Canei
|
Hannibal killed 55-75 thousand Romans & 2 consuls
|
|
|
Scipio
|
Roman general defeated H. to end war
|
|
|
Zama
|
battle where Scipio defeated H.
|
|
|
3rd Punic War
|
149-146 BC
fueled by hatred, laid siege, razed, and enslaved C. |
|
|
Kato
|
spurred Romans w/ hate to fight 3rd Punic War
|
|
|
Latifundia
|
huge farms owned by wealthy Senators
monopolized local trade |
|
|
Insulae
|
5-story crowded Roman apartments, huge fire risk
|
|
|
The Gracchi
|
Tiberius & Gaius, brothers
tried to reform/ help the poor, angered Senate, murdered |
|
|
The Social War
|
allies from Italy rebelled b/c weren't given citizenship
both equally trained, Rome still won |
|
|
Gaius Marius
|
recruited volunteer army
gave them spoils of war & new land, made them loyal only to general, not gov't helped plebeians |
|
|
Lucius Cornelius Sulla
|
general, used his army to wage civil war, won
represented patricians |
|
|
Julius Caesar
|
nephew of Marius
gained pop. by spending $, helpig the poor made enemies in Senate, so made 1st Triumvirate |
|
|
1st Triumvirate
|
Caesar + Gaius Pompey + Licinus Crassus
|
|
|
Gaius Pompey
|
fled to Greece after failed take over of Rome
|
|
|
Licinus Crassus
|
died in battle, left only Caesar and Pompey in charge
|
|
|
Gaulic Wars
|
Caesar's conquest of Gaul, France, well documented
|
|
|
Ides Of March (15th)
|
Caesar stabbed to death by Marcus Brutus + Cassius Longinus
|
|
|
2nd Triumvirate
|
Octavian + Mark Antony + Lepidus
|
|
|
Octavian
|
Caesar's heir, formed 2nd Trium. to gain power
divided land w/ Antony, he got west, then took over east |
|
|
Lepidus
|
forced to retire by Oct.
|
|
|
Mark Antony
|
drove out conspirators after Caesar's death, helped Oct. gain power
allied w/ Cleopatra, killed himself after losing to Oct. |
|
|
Cleopatra
|
put in charge of Egypt, allied w/ Antony, killed herself
|
|
|
Actium
|
naval battle where Oct. defeated Antony/Cleo
|
|
|
Augustus
|
new name given to Oct. by Senate, "revered one"
unofficial first emperor |
|
|
Battle Of Teutoburg Forest
|
Romans lost to Germans, stopped expansion at Rhine River
allowed space for later germans to invade |
|
|
Princeps
|
"first citzen"
unofficial emperor of Rome |
|
|
Julio-Claudians
|
after Aug. died, J-C ruled for 54 yrs.
relatives of Caesar |
|
|
Tiberius (J-C)
|
adequate, but disliked
|
|
|
Caligula (J-C)
|
brutal & insane, murdered AD 41
|
|
|
Claudius (J-C)
|
intelligent, wise, conquered Britain
murdered by wife Aggrippina |
|
|
Nero (J-C)
|
fire destroyed Rome during his rule, hated for cruel policies
committed suidide AD 68 |
|
|
Army Emperors
|
68-69 AD
Galba, Orto, Vitellius |
|
|
Flavian Emperors
|
69-96 AD
Vespasian, Titus, Dormitian |
|
|
The Good Emperors
|
96-191 AD
5 best rulers, Golden Age |
|
|
Nerva (G1)
|
uneventful
|
|
|
Trajan (G2)
|
Spanish general, brought emp. to largest size
|
|
|
Hadrian (G3)
|
fortified borders
organized/Romanized provinces |
|
|
Antoninus (G4)
|
uneventful
|
|
|
Marcus Aurelius (G5)
|
well educated, Stoic
defened borders from invaders |
|
|
Pax Romana
|
Roman Peace, 27 BC - AD 180
|
|
|
Aqueducts
|
bridge-like structered to carry water to cities down from mountains
|
|
|
Baths
|
public pools, meeting places
|
|
|
Code Of 12 Tables
|
Roman laws, adapted/ interpreted to fit new times
|
|
|
Praetorian Guard
|
elite army made by Aug. to protect Rome
|
|
|
Hadrian's Wall
|
wall in Britain, voered entire North/South island
|
|
|
Colonus
|
tenant farmers, paid owners of large estates in crops
|
|
|
Circus Maximus
|
held 250,00
violent, exciting chariot races |
|
|
Colosseum
|
watched beasts, slaves & gladiators fight
|
|
|
Bread & Circus
|
used by emperors to please the poor
free food & entertainment |
|
|
Suetonius
|
historian, said Aug. foresaw Roman downfall to Germans
|
|
|
Gladiator
|
proffessional fighter, often enslaved
|
|
|
Galen
|
summarized all known medical knowledge at the time
|
|
|
Ptolemy
|
astronomer, believed earth was center of universe
|
|
|
Virgil
|
greatest Roman poet
|
|
|
Aeneid
|
by Virgil, about Aeneis, ancestor of the Latins
escaped Troy after Trojan war |
|
|
Horace
|
poet, wrote about human emotions
|
|
|
Ovid
|
wrote love lyrics
|
|
|
Metamorphoses
|
by Ovid, retelling of myths
|
|
|
Tacitus
|
historian
|
|
|
Annals
|
history of Rome under J-C by Tac.
criticised Roman people/ Aug.'s gov't style |
|
|
Germania
|
wrote by Tac. about Germanic tribes
|
|
|
Plutarch
|
Greek writer
|
|
|
Parallel Lives
|
compared Greek/ Roman lives
|
|
|
Soldier Emperors
|
Septimus, Severus, Diocletian & Constantine
|
|
|
Inflation
|
rise in prices b/c decrease in value of $
Rome tried to issue copper coins less valuable, increased economic divide |
|
|
Collegia
|
forced specialist workers in cities to remain in jobs, like unions
|
|
|
Diocletian
|
army made emperor AD 284
divided land west & east, took east & made peace peresecuted Christians |
|
|
Maximian
|
ruled western Rome, coemperor w/ Diocletian
|
|
|
Edict of Prices
|
issued by Diocletian, stop empire's economic declne
|
|
|
Constantine
|
stabilized from civil war
endorsed Christianity made Constantinople capitol of entire Rome |
|
|
Theodosius
|
last person to rule entire Rome
|
|
|
Rhine & Danube
|
rivers formed northern frontier w/ Germans
|
|
|
Huns
|
arrived AD 375, forced Germans into Rome w/ violence
|
|
|
Visigoths
|
revolted AD 378
Germans mistreated by Romans |
|
|
Battle at Adrianpole
|
Visigoths destroyed a Roman army
killed eastern emperor Valens |
|
|
Alaric
|
king of Visigoths
AD 410 invaded/sacked Rome |
|
|
Vandals
|
barbarians destroyed much of western Rome
|
|
|
Atilla the Hun
|
mid-400s attacked Gaul
defeated by combined Roman/Visigoth army |
|
|
Battle at Chalons-sur-Marre
|
Atilla + the Huns defeated, Huns fell apart.
|
|
|
Romulus Augustulus
|
AD 476 overthrown
last western emperor |
|
|
Anarchy
|
no gov't
|
