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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aeneas
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Trojan hero- sailed the Mediterranean Sea after the Greeks captured Troy. Through warfare and then marriage to the local king's daughter, he united the Trojans and some of the Latins- the local people. He thus became the father of the Romans.
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Apennines
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Mountain range which runs down the boot from north to south. Not as rugged as Greece's mountains.can be crossed more easily.
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Consuls
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In the roman republic, the top gov't officials. Both patricians. Chosen every year. Headed the army and ran the gov't. Little risks that they would abuse their power because of short terms. Could reject the other's decision.
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Senate
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Most important legislative, or lawmaking body.
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Etruscans
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One of the two groups that joined Romans in Italy and played a major role shaping roman citizens
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Hannibal
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The greatest general sent to fight the Romans. Retreated because Rome sent another army.
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Scipio
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Led the roman force and invaded Carthage and made Hannibal retreat.
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Legion
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Reorganization of soldiers into smaller groups- had about 6000 men and could quickly cut through enemy lines.
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Patrician
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Wealthy landowners. Made up Rome's ruling class.
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Plebeians
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Most of Rome's people- artisans, shopkeepers, and owners of small farms. Had less social status. Couldn't hold public office.
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Praetors
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Interpreted the law and acted as judges in court.
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Republic
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A form of gov't in which the leader isn't a king or queen but someone put in office by citizens with the right to vote. The citizens have the power.
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Tarquins
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Ruling family which grew to be cruel and was overthrown.
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SPQR
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The senate and the people of Rome.
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Geography
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An area of study that deals with the locations of countries, cities, rivers, mountains, lakes, etc.
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Romulus and remus
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Twin brothers who founded Rome. They were abandoned near the Tiber river. Rescued by a wolf and raised by a sheep. They decided to build a city. They quarreled however and Remus made fun of the wall Romulus was building so he killed Remus and became the first king if Rome, naming the city after himself.
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Twelve tables
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Basis for all future roman laws. Plebeians had demanded that the laws be put in writing for everyone to see because they claimed the patrician judges favored their own class. Established the principle that all free citizens has the right to be treated equally by the legal system.
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Punic wars
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A war that started because both Carthage and Rome wanted the island of Sicily. There was also a second and third Punic war.
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Why was there trouble in the republic?
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Dishonest officials stole money, the gap between the rich an poor was growing. Thousands of farmers faced ruin, and the cities were becoming overcrowded and dangerous.
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Bread and circuses
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Began providing cheap food and entertainment. Helped many dishonest rulers come to power.
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Julius Caesar and reforms he made
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Was ordered back by senate but continued on. Destroyed Pompey. Declared himself dictator of Rome for life. Filled the senate with new members who were loyal to him. Died from being stabbed by senate members and went anyways because he ignored his warning.
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