Rome

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Rome

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Former center of both Ancient Roman Republic and Roman Empire...capital of present-day Italy

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Sicily

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An island in the Mediterranean Sea off SWtip of Italy

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Alps

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Europe's highest mountains

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Apennine Mountains

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Mountain range on Italian peninsula...create the "giant backbone"

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Latium

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A plain on the west coast of Italy on which the city of Rome was built.

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Tiber River

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A River flowing southward froom north central Italy across the Latium plain and into the Sea

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Elevation

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height above sea level

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Profile

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in geography, a map showing cross -section of a surface

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Plebeinan

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75% of Roman population
common person...farmer, trader, craftworker

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Patrician

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member of noble families who had all the power in the early days of the Roman empire

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republic

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means public things...form of government where citizens elect representatives to speak or act for them

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representative

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a person who is elected by citizens to speak or act for them...oldest and most powerful branch

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Senate

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lawmaking body and mosst powerful branch of government in ancient Rome's republic

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tribune

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An elected leader of ancient Rome that represented the plebians

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Counsul

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One of two elected officials of the Roman Republic who commanded the army and were supreme judges

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Twelve Tables

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earliest written collection of Roman laws

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Punic Wars

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Conflicts between Rome and Carthage over Sicily

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Livy

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Historian of Roman Republic wrote about struggle between Plebians and Patricians

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Hannibal

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Carthage General during Punic Wars

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Scipio

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Roman General who defeated Hanibal during Punic Wars

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Forum

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City market and meeting place in center of Ancient Rome

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Carthage

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Ancient city on north coast of Africa

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Zama

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Site in northern Africa where Roman army defeated Carthage army in 202 BC

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Pax Romana

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period of peace for Roman Empire...lasted about 200 years

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civil war

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an armed conflict between groups within one country

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dictator

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ruler with absolute power

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aqueduct

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high arched structure built to carry water over long distances

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census

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periodic count of all people living in a country, city , or region

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gladiator

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Roman athelete usually a slave or a criminal or prisoner of war...usually forced to fight for entertainment

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Julius Ceasar

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Roman genral who became a dictator in 45 BC

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Cleopatra

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ruler of Egyptian government in Alexandria who backed Ceasar during the civil war

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Augustus

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First Roman emperor won the civil war following Julius Ceasar's assasination and went on to unify the empire and establish the Pax Romana

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Gaul

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ancient region and Roman province that included most of present day France

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Colosseium

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large stadium in ancient Rome where athletic events took place

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Pantheon

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large dome shaped temple built in Rome to honor Gods and Goddesses

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Pompeii

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Ancient city in SW Italy buried by the eruption of Mt Vesuvius in AD 79

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Tiberius

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14 AD -- 47 AD

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Chritianity

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Religion based on teachings of Jesus as recorded in the new testament

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New Testament

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Second part of the Christian Bible containing descriptions of the life and teachings of Jesus and his early followers

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Messiah

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Special leader jewish people believe to be sent by God to guide them and set up God's rule on Earth

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parable

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simple story

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apostle

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one of te 12 closest followers of Jesus...chosen by him to help teach

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bishop

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Peter was the first
church official leads a large group of Christians in a particular region

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Pope

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means "father" in Latin
bishop or church leader of Rome

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Jesus

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Religious leader and founder of Christianity

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Peter

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Believed to be the first Bishop
one of 12 apostles

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Paul

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follower of Jesus who helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman world

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Judea

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land in Eastern Mediteranean region polulated by Jews at the time of the Roman Empire

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Bethlehem

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small town in Jerusalelm where Jesus is said to have been born

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Nazerth

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Small town in northern Judea where Jesus grew up

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Eastern Orthodox Christianity

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a branch of christianity that developed in the Byzantine empire and did not recognize the Pope as its supreme leader

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architecture

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science of planning and constructing a building

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Roman Catholicism

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branch of Chritianity that developed in the western Roman empire and recognized the Pope as its supreme leader

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Diocletiann

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Roman emperor who divided the empire into two parts and oversaw the eastern part

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Constantine

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Roman emperor who founded Constantinople as the new eastern capital of the Roman empire

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Palestine

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region in SW Asia that beceme the ancient home of the Jews...this is the ancient Roman name for Judea...became Israel in 1947

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Constantinople

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city established as the new Eastern capital of the Roman empire by the emperor Constantine in AD 330...now called Istanbul

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Byzantine Empire

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name by which the eastern half of the Roman empire became known sometime after 400 AD