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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When was the Republic founded? |
510BC |
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Who was the last king of Rome? |
Tarquin Superbus |
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What does 'Res Publica' mean? |
The public concern, or public affairs. It could also be used to refer to the government of the Republic |
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What, and when, was the Conflict of the Orders? |
494BC - 'plebeian' constituted both rich as well as poor citizens, but they were not of noble birth. They made the backbone of the Roman army and struggled to maintain their homesteads whilst away, asking for help from the Patricians and resulting in debt slavery. The Plebians were forced into the cities for work, and eventually went on strike; refusing to fight anymore. They wanted fairer representation in government and and end to debt slavery. |
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What were the results of this Conflict? |
The were political and social results: 494 - Creation of the magisterial position of tribune. Plebeians had more involvement in politics. 451 - Codification of Roman law in the 12 Tables 342 - One consul had to be plebeian 300 - Provocatio: The right of the people to appeal against a decision made by a magistrate
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Which laws were passed in 300BC and 287BC? |
300BC - Lex Ogulnia - Plebeians could hold most of the major religious positions
287BC - Lex Hortensia - Any decree passed by the Consilium Plebis was binding on all citizens, including patricians. |
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What is dignitas? How could it be obtained? |
Dignitas was a value which shaped the actions of Roman society and its aristocracy. Dignitas depended on your: Wealth, family name, public morality, (important) magisterial positions held, ancestral actions/positions, state services and gloria.
GLORIA - Very important, could only be obtained through military victories and TRIUMPHS |
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What happened in 264BC? |
The First Punic War began. Italian Mamertines (mercenaries) invaded Carthaginian/Syracusan territory. Messinian factions appealed to Rome and Carthage for help, Carthage sent a fleet and Rome sent an army to Sicily, Carthage surrendered. Syracuse allied with Rome.
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For what reasons might Rome have sent an army? |
It was scared Carthage would invade Italy from Sicily. By aiding the Italians, Rome showed good faith 'fides', and reliability to her Italian allies. Emphasising fear and fides shows that Rome never went to Rome out of aggression but in self defence - she was defending her allies. |
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What happened between 249-242BC? |
Nothing much! The Romans and Carthaginians were exhausted. However, Rome introduced new taxes and made the magistrates pay compulsory loans in order to build a new fleet of ships. One ship per three magistrates. |
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When did the First Punic War end? What happened afterwards? |
In 241BC. Rome won a naval battle against Carthage with the new fleet near Sicily. Carthage sued for peace, and was made to give up Sicily to Rome. She also had to pay a huge indemnity.
In 237, Carthage faced revolt in Africa due to the unrest after the settlement. Rome took this opportunity to seize Sardinia from Carthage, and demanded more money in return for peace. This embittered Carthage further.
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What are some conclusions from the First Punic War? |
Rome's own resilience under economic and military pressure proven. The resilience of Rome's allies proven. The superiority of the Roman army proven, despite Polybius telling us that Carthage produced finer generals. War creates a shortage of man power in Italy - agricultural instability. Sicily became Rome's first tax paying province. |
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When did the Second Punic War begin? |
218BC |
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Why did Hannibal not want to fight in Spain? What did he do instead? |
It was the financial centre for Carthage, it had lots of silver mines. He abandoned his own communications and took his army over the alps. He lost most of it, but as he had no baggage was swift. Many recently conquered Gallic tribes in Cisalpine Gaul joined him. |
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What happened at the River Trebia? |
Hannibal crushed the army of the Roman consul Sempronius. |
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What did Hannibal do with his Italian prisoners? |
He released them, claiming that he was freeing them from Rome. However, his alliance with Gallic armies did not go down well with them; none changed sides and so Hannibal continued towards Rome. |
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What happened at Lake Trasimene? |
217BC - Consul Flamininus and his army were defeated. Rome elected Fabius Maximus as dictator, but he was useless and unRoman for not actively seeking battle. |
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When was the Battle of Cannae? Which events happened as a result? |
216BC - A Roman army bigger than Hannibals was butchered.
Some of Rome's allies, including Syracuse, changed sides. Greek colonies in southern Italy and Sicily also supported Hannibal. Rome's Italian allies remained loyal.
Hannibal came close to Rome, but had no siege equipment.
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What happened in 212BC - 207BC? |
212 - Marcellus (consul) took Syracuse back.
210 - Publius Scipio takes command in Spain. He is a brave, popular and good soldier. He reorganises the army to make it more flexible; suitable for rough ground
209 - Scipio takes Carthago Nova, Carthage's HQ.
207 - Hasdrubal (Hannibal's brother) defeated at Metaurus as he attempted to reinforce Hannibal.
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How and when did the Second Punic War end? |
204 - Scipio invades North Africa, Hannibal is forced to abandon Rome and return to defend Carthage.
202 - Scipio defeats Carthage at Zama. Hannibal lacked cavalry superiority and sued for peace.
Carthage had to pay a crippling indemnity, lose all land outside Africa and be kept subordinate to Rome. |
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What were some of the consequences of the Second Punic War? |
Rome was left the dominant power of the Western Med. Rome had huge manpower losses - rise of latifundia and decline of small farmsteads. Principle of Senatorial equality developed - all had approximately equal power but had all come under threat |
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What happened to Scipio? |
He was named 'Scipio Africanus'.
Scipio had gloria almost beyond comparison.
He was the first of the Roman warlords - individuals whose charisma, gloria and wealth enabled them to challenge the rule of the senate. |
