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34 Cards in this Set
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aka Octavian, Julius Caesar's grandnephew/adopted heir, 1st emperor of Rome,1st julio-claudian, reign known as Principate daughter:julia wife:scribonia also married to Livia: mother of Tibberius & Drusus, adopted Tiberius as heir, 27 BC-AD 14
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Augustus
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1st
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emperor @ 57, AD14-37, good @ military matters, divorced vispania Agripinna in 12 BC: mother of Drussus, he married Augustus's daughter Julia, retired in capri
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Tiberius
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married julia (augustus's daughter)
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aka Gaius, name meant "little boots", son of germanicus & agrippina, mentally unbalance/insane, AD 37-41
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Caligula
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little boot
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AD41-54 so of Drusus & antonia, caligulas uncle, ill, praetorian guard chose him as emperor, conquered Britain, married giantess, political marriage, poisoned his dish of mushrooms 2 kill him
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Claudius
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bad marriages
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AD 54-68, seneca & Burrus (philosopeher, praetorian guide) were his advisors, 17 year old emperor, murdered mother & half-brother &1st wife(octavia), married poppaea, kicked her (as a pregnant woman)) to death, vain, disliked, built domus aurea during his reign in AD64 there was a revolt & a fire, commited suicide in AD 68
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Nero
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pyro
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4 emperors, AD69
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galba, otho, vitellius, vespasian
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1st of flavians, tried 2 restore senate, supported army, defeated revolt in Gaul, built a great arch in the forum, started construction on the colleseum, AD71-79
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vespasian
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part of the year of 4 emperors, 1st of the flavians
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oldest son of Vespasian, conquered jerusalem in AD70, dedicated coleseum, mt vesuvius erupted in AD79, AD 79-81
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Titus
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mt vesuvius erupted during his reign
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AD 81-06, youngest son of vespasian, the best writers of silver age wrote during his reign, cruel as he got older, murdered
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Domitian
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best writers wrote during his reign
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1st of the good emperors, AD96-98, elderly senator ruled for 16 months, decide emperors should b chosen 4 ability, integrity, legally adopted, adopted trajan as heir
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Nerva
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short ruling
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AD98-117, spaniard, conquered romania, expanded borders of empire w/ campaigns against Dacians & PArthians, ruled empire w/ firmness& humanity, adopted cousin, Hadrian as heir, died of stroke
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Trajan
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Roman empire reached greatest extent
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peace & prosperity, AD 117-138, built panthenon, palaces,baths, &temples in Tivoli, founded Avignon& Adrianople, gave doub;e bonus 2 army, added new quarters 2 athens, gave up eastern territory, stabilized boundaries, built ______'s wallin britain, fell in love w/ Antonius who later dided in the Nile, adopted Antonius Pius as successor, died after war
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Hadrian
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gay, traveled a lot
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AD138-161, reign was orderly & peaceful, never left italy, encouraged earthquake repairs & adopted nephew as heir
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Antonius Pius
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boring, peaceful, did nothing bad
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AD 161-169, co-ruled w/ Marcus Aurellius, until death, married Lucilla (aurellius's daughter), weak ruler, commanded eastern forces from AD163-166
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Luciua Verus
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co ruled w/ Luciua Verus, until verus died in AD169, troubled by migrating tribes in the empire, spent time fighting barbarians, reign full of unrest, revolt, & trreason, barbarian invasions, famine, & plague, stolic philosiphy, vicious son Commodus=successor
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Marcus Aurellius
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wrote 12 books of Meditations
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AD180-192, son of marcus aurellius, thought of himself as hercules, strangled 2 death in AD192 by narcissus
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commodus
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worst tyrant in history, 1st of the late empire
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AD 193, praetorian guard, elderly senator, killed by soldiers spear after failing to pay Guard bonus
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pertinax
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3 month rule
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rich senator, AD193chosenby praetorian guard after bidding th highest in a mock auction, unpopular, murderered in a deserted place
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Didius JUlianus
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bidding
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AD193-211, ended war of armies, replaced praetorian guard w/ non-romans, defeated parthia, died in york, britain. 1st of the severi
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Septimus Servi
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1st of the servi
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AD211-217, oldest son of septimus servus, murdered brother (geta), brutal rul;er, thought he was alexxander the great, slew 20,000 "disloyal" people, built public baths & granted roman citizzenship to every1 in the empire in AD212 2 increase tax revenue, assasinated near Carrhae
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caracalla
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captured wild boars &fought lions, killed brother in mother's arms
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AD217-218 moor from africa, , routed in battle nearantioch &put 2 death
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Macrinus
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1st emperor who wasn't a senator
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aka Varius Bassianus, son of julia soaemias, grandson of julia maesa, rumor said he was son of carcalla, got his name from syrian son-god, worshiped as a black stone, emperor @ age 14, advancing religion, transvestite, influenced by grandson 2 adopt cousin Alexander Servus as heir, julia Mamaea bribed Praetorians 2 murder him
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Elagabalus
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the sun thing
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AD222-235, under influence of his mother julia mamaea, wise, 14 years of sanity (his reign), kept icons of jupiter, orpheus, abraham, & jesus in private chapel, desertred by army & murdered
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Alexander Severus
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wrote on all public buildings "do unto others as you would have done unto you"
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AD270-275, victorious over goths & germans, captured/defeated Zenobia (queen of palmyra), reconquered Gaul, restored unity 2 empire, murdered on his birthday
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Aurellian
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1st of Barracks emperors
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barbarians invaded gaul during his reign, 70 towns burned, AD 276-282
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probus
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AD285-305, introduced social, political & economic reforms 2 the empire, removed priveledges that were paid by the provinces &unsuccesfully tried 2 regulate inflation , increased taxation, increased army, devalued currency, divided empire into tetrachy w/ an east & west, made headquarters in Nicomedia. each division ruled by anemperor (an augustus) & an assistnt (a caesar) _________ was the Augustus in the east w/ galerius as his caesar, Maximian was the western augustus caesar=Constantius Chlorus, abdicated in in AD305
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Diocletian
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1st in the late late empire
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overcame rivals after civil war, reunited w/ western empire, in AD314 he defeated emperor in the east & became sole ruler, Ad312-morning of his victoey over maxentius at the battle of milvian bridge, constantine was said 2 have seen a cross burnning in the sky w/ the words "in hoc signo vinces (in this =sign u will conquer), christianity became official religionof rome, moved empire 2 Bzantium(nova roma), he rebuilt it & name dit _ _ _ _ _ _ -ople in AD330, divided authority 4 his sons, became baptized christian on his deathbed, died AD337, followed a civil war between his sons
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Constantine the GReat
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AD337-361, 3rd son of constantine, became augustus in the East after his father's death, died while marching 2 confront challenge of Julian
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constantinus II
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AD361-363,son of half-brother of constantine, studied greek classics in asia, had a secret Pagan conversion, married emperors sister Helena, put in charge of Gaul & britain, ostensible religion tolerance, favoritism to paganism, died from being fatally wounded in battle
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Julian the Apostate
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religious tolerance
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made christianity only legal religion, AD379-395, In AD 391 in Milan, he issued a law against paganism, divided empire between sons permanently into east & west
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Theodosius I
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intolerable of religions
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AD383-408, oldest son of theodusius, ruled the east, weak ruler, ministers made imperial policy
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Arcadius
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AD395-423, youngest son of theodosius, ruled west, dominated by stilicho, during reign Aalric & Visigoths sacked Rome in AD410, died childless
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Honorius
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AD425-455 ruled west, unmilitary & ineffectual leader, vandals attacked rome in AD455, same year he was killed
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Valetinian III
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conquered by odoacer(germanic chieftan), last emperor
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Romulus augustus
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last roman emperor
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