Roman Civilization

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Etruscans

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The name of the ancient ancestors of the Romans who brought the latin language and excellent engineering and architectual skills by settling in 12 self-governing kingdoms

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Patricians

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The most powerful social class in Rome was the one made up of the large landholding aristocrats who could trace their blood lines back to the original founders of rome.

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Plebians

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Not of aristocratic blood, whether they were wealthy or impoverished.

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Senate

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The aristocrats of Rome overthrew their king and established the the roman republice, giving the power to govern to elected body of aristocrats

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Plebian Assembly

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The other governing body of the roman republic that was composed of all male citizens who were not aristocrats over the age of 25

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Consuls

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The title of the two executive leaders of that body, who were elected for one year and who also served as commander in chiefs of the Roman army

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Tribune

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The Plebians elected official who sat in the Senate and had the power to exercise their veto over major legislation.

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Punic wars

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The roman defeated Carthage by creating a navy and inventing a new type of vessel called a galley that could carry many soldiers in the first of a series

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Hannibal

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Carthagenian General who began the second of the Punic wars, by launching an attack through the alps in the dead winter

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Scipio

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The punic wars ended with a roman victory at Zama due to daring of a Roman Consul who convinced the Romans to invade Africa, forcing Hannibal to return to Carthage

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Tiberius Gracchus

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The Roman tribune who succeeded himself in officer in 133 BS and was assassinated beginning in the fall of the republic because violence was used to solve a problem

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Triumvirate

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Pompey, Cesar, and Crassius

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Dictator

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Julous Cesar Conquered France, Western Germany and Engladnd, Then defeated Pompey in a civil war, and created a centralized government and civil service under the powers granted him power

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Octavian

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Cesars nephew who took power and defeate Mark anthony and cleopatra.

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Augustus

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First emperor, claiming that he would restore republic to Rome

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Imperator

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Creation of imperial rule that destroyed the republic was the power given to Augustus of the sole power of commander over all roman affiars for life.

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Julian-Claudian

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The Paranoid and even mentally unstable dynasty of emperors who first ruled in Rome as descendants from the bloodline of Julius Cesar

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Nero

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The last straw for the senate and the populace of Rome with this line of emperors was the one who fiddled while rome burned

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Five good Emperors

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Group of emperors who were all capable men with proven leadership capablilities because they were all elected by the Senate

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Hadrians Wall

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One of these good emperors stopped the expansion of rome by ordering forts built across Europe and in Britain a fortification named for him that still stands

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Barracks Emperors

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Last group of emperors, each who rose to power by the support of the Roman Army, usually after the battling for the crown with other military contenders

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Diocletian

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One of those emperors who froze prices and wages to solve inflation problem, reestablished secure borders, and divided the empire in half and demanded to be worshipped as Dominus

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Constantine

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Name of his succesor whose vision, who pushed christianity

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Constantinople

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The emperor reunited the empire and built a new capital city on a site that was impregnable

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Gothic Kingdoms

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The final collaplse of the Western Roman Empire came with the barabarian takeover of Italy causing it to join spain, north africa, france, and britain as seperate barbaric germanic states

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Twelve tablets

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Equality of law

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Pater familias

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The head of the Roman family who had power of life and death over all family members

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Jesus of Nazareth

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The founder of the new covenent which commanded men to to treat one another as they would treat themselves in order to attain salvation

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Paul of Tarsus

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Most effective apostle was once a pharisee who persecuted Christains but who greatly expanded christianity by bringing its good news to the gentiles

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Edict of Milan

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After three centuries of persecution, Christianity became legal when Constantine issued this.