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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Geologists
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People who study rocks and how they were formed
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Minerals
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Naturally occuring substances that are neither plants nor animals
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Are rocks made of minerals
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YES!!
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What are 3 properties to determine minerals?
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Luster, Steak plate, Scratch Test
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What is luster?
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The way light bounces off (shiny, dull or greasy)
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What is Steak plate
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rub rock & see if it makes a streak
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what is scratch test
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testing for hardness (fingernail, copper penny & iron nail)
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What are diamonds
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the hardest mineral, has a glassy look
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galena
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has metallic luster & can be scratched with a copper penny
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pyrite
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brassy, yellow color
greenish/black streak |
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talc
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softest mineral, has a greasy look
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quartz
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colorless, white, pink or purple, glassy, hard
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mica
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colorles, silvery, brown, may look glassy, soft
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feldspar
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yellow, white, gray, red, brown, glassy, pearly, hard
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calcite
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colorless, white, glassy, medium hard
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igneous rocks
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"fire made" formed from hot, molten rock material that is cooled and hardened
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rocks are classified into groups based on how ______
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they're formed
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what rock is "fire made" formed from hot molten material that has cooled and hardened?
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igneous rock
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hot molten material below the surface of earth is called ___
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magma
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magma cools slowly so it has large grains called
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granite
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Magma that reaches the surface is called
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lava
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When lava reaches air it cools quickly so there aren't a lot of grains which is called
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basalt
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When lava cools extremly quickly, it doesn't form any grains which is called
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volcanic glass
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how are sedimentary rocks formed
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one way they are formed is by pressing or cementing little rocks together
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What are sediments
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deposited rock particles and other materials that settle
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how does sediments turn into rock?
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as air and water get squeezed out
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What are grains of sand called
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sandstone
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What are larger pieces of sand called
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conglomerate
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What is fine mud called
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shale
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Fossils are often found in what type of rock
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sedimentary rocks
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What are metamorphic rocks?
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a rock that has been changed by heat, pressure or both
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another word for metamorphic rock
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"changed form"
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what are 2 types of metamorphic rock
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has bands (pressure caused)
no bands (doesn't break in bands) |
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What does "has bands" mean for metamorphic rock?
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Pressure caused...
they can break apart on bands. (...gneiss) |
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What are some examples of metamorphic rocks (has bands)
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granite, slate, (heated under pressure)
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there's 2
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What does "no bands) for metamorphic rock mean?
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doesn't break in bands
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what is an example of metamorphic rock (no bands)
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marble (limestone that was heated under pressure)
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What type of rock forms when magma cools and hardens
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igneous
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what type of rock forms from layers of sediments
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sedimentary
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what type of rock forms under heat and pressure within the earth
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metamorphic
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give 3 examples of igneous rock
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granite, pumice, obsidian, basalt
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give 3 examples of sedimentary rock
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shale, sandstone, limestone
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give 3 examples of metamorphic rock
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slate, marble, gneiss, quartzite
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what are 3 layers of our Earth
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crust, mantle, core
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What is the crust
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Earth's outer layer made mostly of rock
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What is the mantle?
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Earth's middle layer made of liquid rock. Magma from this layer seeps through cracks in the crust to form volcanoes
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What is the core?
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Earth's super hot center
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What is weathering
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the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller rocks
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give an example of weathering
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plant roots pushing into rock; rock freezing and thawing; wind blowing sand against the rocks
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what is erosion
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the process of picking up and carrying away sediment from one place and depositing it in another.
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What is an example of erosion
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a river carries sediments
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what is the rock cycle
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the never ending process of rocks forming, weathering, and changing into other rocks
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what is a fossil
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the preserved trace or remains of a once living thing
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most fossils are found in what type of rock
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sedimentary rock
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where are the oldest fossils found
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in the deepest layers of the rocks
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fossils give clues to the ____
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past (history of earth)
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what do fossils tell us
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tell us when and where different plants and animals lived
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What is formed from sediments of sand
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sandstone
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what is formed from materials (plants, animals, shells in water)
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limestone
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what is formed when layers of mud and clay are pressed together
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shale
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what is found in sedimentary rock. Traces of plants and animals
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fossils
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what is a Cast fossil
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minerals fill up the mold and harden
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what is an imprint (fossil)
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an impression or "print" in mud
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what is mold (fossil)
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completely covered with mud. Leaves a hole to show fossil
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What is amber (fossil)
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hardened sap from a tree
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What is petrified (fossil)
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minerals take the shape and turned to stone
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What are 6 different types of fossils
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cast, imprint, mold, amber, petrified, ice
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what is found in sedimentary rock. Traces of plants and animals
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fossils
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What are some causes of erosion
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wind, rivers, glaciers, waves, gravity
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what is a Cast fossil
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minerals fill up the mold and harden
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what are some causes of weathering?
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snow, water, ice, wind, plants
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what is an imprint (fossil)
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an impression or "print" in mud
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what is mold (fossil)
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completely covered with mud. Leaves a hole to show fossil
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What is amber (fossil)
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hardened sap from a tree
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What is petrified (fossil)
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minerals take the shape and turned to stone
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What are 6 different types of fossils
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cast, imprint, mold, amber, petrified, ice
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What are some causes of erosion
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wind, rivers, glaciers, waves, gravity
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what are some causes of weathering?
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snow, water, ice, wind, plants
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what are examples of metamorphic rock
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marble, slate
**change in pressure/heat |
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What are examples of igneous rock
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Made from magma
granite obsidian |
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What are examples of sedimentary rock
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sand, dirt, rocks
sandstone, limestone |
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what are fossils good for
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explaining the past
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