Rocks Ch 4

Front 1

Rock

Back 1

A solid mixture of crystals of one or more minerals

Front 2

Rock cycle

Back 2

The process by which one rock changes into another - processes such as weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction and cementation, metamorphism, melting, cooling and solidification.

Front 3

magma

Back 3

Is formed when rock is heated, pressure is released and a rock changes composition

Front 4

weathering

Back 4

Can cause the breakdown of rocks - igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks can all weather away to form sediment

Front 5

chemical sedimentary rock

Back 5

Minerals that form from solutions of minerals and water and crystallize

Front 6

erosion

Back 6

The weathering and wearing away of rocks into sediment

Front 7

sedimentary rock

Back 7

Rock that forms near the Earth's surface when sediments are compacted and cemented together - no heat or pressure is needed

Front 8

metamorphic rock

Back 8

A type of rock that forms under high pressure and temperature but is not exposed to enough heat to melt it - most likely to form when limestone comes in contact with an igneous intrusion - metamophic means "changed shape"

Front 9

igneous rock

Back 9

Rock that forms deep within the Earth when magma cools and solidifies

Front 10

composition

Back 10

The minerals a rock is made of

Front 11

texture

Back 11

The size, shapes and positions of the grains within a rock - examples are fine-grained, medium-grained, and coarse-grained

Front 12

fine-grained texture

Back 12

Rocks made entirely of small grains such as silt or clay particles

Front 13

coarse-grained texture

Back 13

Rocks made of large grains such as pebbles formed when magma cools very slowly

Front 14

medium - grained texture

Back 14

Rocks with texture between fine and coarse such as sandstone

Front 15

fossils

Back 15

The remains or traces of plants and animals that have been preserved in sedimentary rock - most come from animals that live in the ocean.

Front 16

felsic

Back 16

Lightweight igneous rocks that are less dense and are rich in elements such as silicon, aluminum, sodium and potassium

Front 17

mafic

Back 17

Darker igneous rocks that are more dense and are rich in iron, magnesium, and calcium

Front 18

intrusive

Back 18

when magma cools beneath the Earth's surface

Front 19

plutons or plutonic rocks

Back 19

Large, balloon shaped intrusive formations that cool at great depths

Front 20

extrusive

Back 20

Igneous rock that forms on the Earth's surface - most volcanic rock is extrusive

Front 21

lava flow

Back 21

A formation that occurs when lava erupts from a volcano's flat surfaces

Front 22

strata

Back 22

Layers of rock - when strata are slanted they are called cross beds and can be formed by wind or water.

Front 23

stratification

Back 23

The layering of rock

Front 24

contact metamorphism

Back 24

Where magma comes in contact with the surrounding rock and only happens next to igneous intrusions.

Front 25

regional metamorphism

Back 25

When enormous pressure builds up in rock that is deeply buried under other rock formations, or when large pieces of the Earth's crust collide with each other.

Front 26

foliated metamorphic rock

Back 26

Minerals that are aligned and almost look like pages in a book

Front 27

Non-foliated metamorphic rock

Back 27

Rock that does not appear to have a regular pattern

Front 28

Bill Nye

Back 28

A really cool scientist and Mr. Ramsden's idol

Front 29

Structure

Back 29

anything composed of parts arranged together in some way

Front 30

Lithification

Back 30

The hardening of sediments into rock