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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mineral
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a substance that forms in nature, is a solid, has a definite chemical makeup, and has a crystal structure
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element
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a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical changes; an element consists of atoms of only one type
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crystal
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a solid substance in which the atoms are arranged in an orderly, repeating, three dimensional pattern
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hardness
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the resistance of a mineral or other material to being scratched
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density
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a property of matter representing the mass per unit volume
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fracture
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the tendency of a mineral to break into irregular pieces
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cleavage
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the property of a mineral that describes its tendency to break along flat surfaces
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luster
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the property of a mineral that describes the way in which light reflects from its surface; major types of luster are metallic and nonmetallic
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streak
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the color of a mineral powder left behind when a mineral is scraped across a surface; a method for classifying minerals
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magma
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molten rock beneath Earth's surface
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lava
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molten rock that reaches a planet's surface through a volcano
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ore
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a rock that contains enough of a valuable mineral to do mined for a profit
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rock
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a naturally formed solid that is usually made up of one or more types of minerals
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rock cycle
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the set of a natural, repeating processes that form, change, break down, and re-form rocks
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igneous rock
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rock that forms as molten rock cools and becomes solid
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metamorphic rock
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rock formed as heat or pressure causes excisting rock to change in structure, texture, or mineral composition
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sedimentary rock
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rock formed as pieces of older rocks and others loose materials get pressed or cemented together or as disolved minerals re-form and build up in layers
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intrusive igneous rock
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igneous rock that forms as magma cools below Earth's surface
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extrusive rock
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igneous rock that forms as lava cools on Earth's surface
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sediment
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solid materials such as rock fragments, plant and animal remains, or minerals that are carried by water or by air and that settle on the bottom of a body of water or on the ground
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metamorphism
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the process by which a rock's structure or mineral composition is changed by pressure or heat
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recrystallization
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the process by which bonds between atoms in minerals break and re-form in new ways during metamorphism
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folliation
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the arrangement of minerals within rocks into flat or wavy parallel bands; a characteristic of most metamorphic rocks
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