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31 Cards in this Set

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Igneous Rock

Igneous rocks form from the cooling of lava or magma.

Intrusive

Intrusive rocks are igneous rocks formed by magma cooling slowly beneath Earth’s surface.

Extrusive

Extrusive igneous rocks are formed from lava that erupted onto Earth’s surface.

Cooling

the process that forms igneous rocks

Magma or Lava

Molten material

Granite

An intrusive slow cooling rock with large-grains.

Basalt

The most common extrusive rock is Basalt found on the oceanic crust.

Pumice

These rocks do not contain crystals, so they are considered to have a texture referred to as vesicular.

obsidian

This rock is an Extrusive rock and it is a glassy rock with no grains, which means its fast cooling.

Fine Grained

Small grains in a rock that are barely visible.

Coarse-Grained

Large grains or crystals on the rock.

Vesicular

Has many holes in it and it would be glassy.

Glassy

Smooth and shiny with no grains.

Sedimentary Rock

formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water.

Sediment

Rock that has formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment,

Clastic

composed of fragments, or clasts, of pre-existing minerals and rock.

Organic

The hard parts of animals, such as bones and shells, can become cemented together over time to make rock.

Chemical

Chemical sedimentary rocks form by precipitation of minerals from water. Precipitation is when dissolved materials come out of water.

Weathering

is the breaking down of rocks, soil, and minerals as well as wood and artificial materials

Erosion

type of weathering in which surface soil and rock are worn away through the action of glaciers, water, and wind.

Depostion

in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass.

compaction

Compaction is the process in which sediment is squeezed and in which the size of the pore space between sediment grains is reduced by the weight and pressure of overlying layers.

cementation

Cementation is the process in which sediments are glued together by minerals that are deposited by water.

Sandstone

is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized minerals or rock grains.

Conglomerate

is a coarse-grained clastic sedimentary rock that is composed of a substantial fraction

Coal

is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentaryrock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins calledcoal beds or coal seams.

Halite

orms isometric crystals. ... It commonly occurs with other evaporite deposit minerals such as several of the sulfates, halides, and borates.

In what type of environment is sandstone formed in?

these are the most common minerals in the Earth's crust.

Metamorphic rock

Rock that was once one form of rock but has changed to another under the influence of heat, pressure, or some other agent without passing through a liquid phase.



Existing Rock

Magma: Definition & Formation. Detrital & Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Definition & Differences. Rock Cycle: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks.

Foilated

Foliation in geology refers to repetitive layering in metamorphic rocks.