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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mineral |
a substance that forms in nature, is a solid, has a definite chemical composition (specific recipe of ingredients), and has a crystal structure |
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streak |
the color of the POWDER of the mineral (after rubbing a mineral across a tile of white unglazed porcelain). Very reliable mineral property. |
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luster |
the way light reflects off of the fresh surface of a mineral. divided into two major groups - metallic and nonmetallic. |
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cleavage |
when a mineral breaks producing what appears to be a flat and smooth surface |
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fracture |
when a mineral breaks producing ragged, rough pieces (irregular breakage) |
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density |
mass/volume = g/mL = g/cm3 very reliable to identify minerals |
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water displacement |
a way to find the volume of an irregularly shaped object. |
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hardness |
a mineral's resistance to being scratched |
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Mohs hardness scale |
1 is the softest; 10 is the hardest (the higher the number the harder the mineral; the lower the number the softer the mineral) |
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rock |
a substance that has the following 3 characteristics:1. solid 2. formed naturally 3. usually made up of 1 or more minerals |
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igneous rocks |
rocks formed when liquid rock cools |
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magma |
liquid rock inside of the Earth |
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lava |
liquid rock at the surface of the Earth |
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extrusive igneous rocks |
igneous rocks formed at the Earth's surface |
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intrusive igneous rocks |
igneous rocks formed within the Earth |
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coarse-grained igneous rocks |
igneous rocks that are formed inside of the Earth (intrusive). They cool slowly allowing large crystals to form. |
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fine-grained igneous rocks |
igneous rocks that are formed at the Earth's surface (extrusive). They cool quickly which means the crystals are very small. You cannot see the crystals unless you use a magnifying glass, etc. |
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porphyry igneous rocks |
An igneous rock that starts intrusive and finishes extrusive. (Example: starts cooling in a volcano and then gets released and finishes cooling at surface). It starts by cooling slowly inside but they gets cooled more quickly at the surface. It is both fine-grained and course-grained. |
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glassy igneous rocks |
An igneous rock that cools extremely fast. The liquid rock comes into contact with a much cooler substance near the Earth's surface (like ice or very cold water). The liquid rock cools so quickly that the crystals do NOT have time to form. |
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sedimentary rocks |
rocks formed by compacting (pushing and squeezing together) and cementing (gluing) sediments together. |
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sediments |
fragments of rock that have been broken down by weathering (wind, ice, running water, etc.) |
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clastic sedimentary rocks |
a type of sedimentary rock made from pieces of sediments compacted and cemented together. |
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chemical sedimentary rocks |
a type of sedimentary rock made from chemical sediment (formed from chemicals dissolved in water, like salt) |
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biochemical sedimentary rocks |
rocks that form from plant or animal remains (shells) |
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mechanical weathering |
the breaking down of rocks/minerals by water, ice, wind, gravity (physical change). |
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chemical weathering |
chemicals break down rock to form sediment |
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metamorphic rocks |
rocks that change because of intense heat and/or pressure |
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rock cycle |
a summary of the different ways rocks can change into different types of rocks |
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weathering |
the breaking apart or wearing down of rocks into sediment (this can be done mechanically or chemically) |
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erosion |
the process that carries weathered materials away (by wind or water) |
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deposition |
when the speed of water/wind slows down and loses energy, the sediment falls out of the water/air and forms new landforms |
