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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Haemophilus influenzae
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Sinusitis
Otitis media Bronchopneumonia |
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Treponema pallidum
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Perivascular inflammation with plasma cells
Obliterative endarteritis Gummatois inflammation in tertiary syphilis or in congenital syphilis |
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Congenital syphilis
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Severely hydropic
Diffuse rash with sloughing skin on the palms and soles Respiratory distress |
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Borreliosis
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Bacteria
Tick transmitted Lyme disease Erythema chronicum migrans Chronic arthritis Meningoencephalitis |
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Borrelia recurrentis
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Recurrent fever
Transmitted via body lice |
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Typhus
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Louse born
Riockettsial disease Skin rash proceed to skin necrosis Abdominal and back pain |
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Listeria monocytogenes
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Gram positive rods
Food or water, diary product Mild diarrhea Meningitis Disseminated with microabscess HIV |
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Mycobacterium leprae
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Hansen disease
Infection of peripheral nerve and skin Loss of sensation Repeated trauma with deformity With strong immune response: tubercoid form and granuloma formation With weak immnue response: lepromatous form occures and characterized by large numbers of macrophages filled with short, thin, acid fast bacilli. |
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Gardnerella
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Whitish discharge and has a fishy odor
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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Urethritis and cervicitis
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Reite syndrome
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Autoimmune
In response to an infection in another part of the body. Contact with bacteria and developing an infection-reactive arthritis, rheumatism. The "trigger" infection has often been cured or is in remission in chronic cases Reactive arthritis is an RF-seronegative, HLA-B27-linked spondyloarthropathy |
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Rickettsia rickettsii
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Rocky mountain disease
Vasculitis Foci of skin necrosis Bubonic and pneumonic forms Ulcerating lymph nodes surrounded by a rose rash |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Exotoxin A: inhibit protein synthesis
Exoenzyme S: interfere with host cells growth Phospholipase c: degrade pulmonary surfactant Iron containing compounds Result extensive vasculitis with necrosis |
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Clostridium botulinum
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Food poison
Exotoxin results in paralysis |
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Diphtheria
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Corynebacterium
Small Gram positive rods Pharynx and tonsil Acute pharyngitis with an overlying dirty-white tough mucosal membrane Dilirium, exotoxin produce neuropathy and myocarditis Parethesias with decreased vibratory sensation Irregular cardiac rhythm Cardiomegaly Fibrinopurulent exudate |
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Yersinia pestis
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Plague
Site of a flea bite Focal skin necrosis Presence of Yop virulence plasmid Ulcerating lymph nodes surrounded with rosy rash |
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Clostridium
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Gas forming bacteria
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Histoplasma capsulatum:
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intracellular 1-5 um rounded yeastlike organisms
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Coccidioidomycosis:
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large and not intracellular, 60 um spherules filled with small rounded structure
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Cryptococcosis:
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narrow-based budding and large
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Blastomycosis:
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broad-based budding and are slightly larger
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Candidiasis:
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budding cells with pseudohyphae
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Aspergillus:
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branching septate hyphae
Recognized by its distinct conidiophores terminated by a swollen vesicle bearing flask-shaped phialides. The phialides may be borne directly on the vesicle (a) or on intervening metulae (b). Some species may form masses of thick-walled cells called "h黮le cells" (c). The spores come in several colours, depending upon the species, and are produced in long chains from the ends of the phialides. Commonly isolated from soil, plant debris, and house dust; sometimes pathogenic to man. |
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Histoplasma capsulatum
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Lung infection
Granulomatous inflammatory process Sharply demarcated and rounded like a canadian or US dollar coin |
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TORCH
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Toxoplasmosis
Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes simplex |
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Anthrax
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Bacillus sp.
Produce spores Grow well on 5% Sheep blood agar and other routine culture media. PLET (polymyxin-lysozyme-EDTA-thallous acetate) can be used to isolate B.anthracis from contaminated specimens Bicarbonate agar used as an identification to induce capsule formation. Bacillus sp. will usually grow within 24 hours of incubation at 35 degrees C, in ambient air or in 5% CO2. If bicarbonate agar is used for identification then the media must be incubated in 5% CO2. B.anthracis appears as medium-large, gray, flat, irregular with swirling projections, often referred to as "medusa head" appearance, and is non-hemolytic on 5% sheep blood agar. It is non-motile, is susceptible to penicillin and produces a wide zone of lecithinase on egg yolk agar. Confirmatory testing to identify B.anthracis includes gamma bacteriophage testing, indirect hemagglutination and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay Symptoms includes lung skin and gastroenteric |
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Burkholderia cepacia
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Catalase-producing, non-lactose-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria
Pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals with underlying lung disease (such as cystic fibrosis or chronic granulomatous disease) |
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Mucor circinelloides
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Broad nonseptate hyphae
Seen in diabetes or burn injuries |
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Crohn disease or intestinal tuberculosis
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Granulomatous inflammation
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Norcadia asteroides
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Begin in the lung
Disseminated To central nerve system Gram positive filamentous organisms weakly acid fast Head CT 4cm discrete lesion with ring enhancement |
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Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
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Short acid fast rods
Form poorly granulomas |
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Rotavirus
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Infancy
RNA virus Villous destruction with atrophy leads to Decreased absorption of water and sodium |
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Rubeola vs. Rubella
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Measles
Rash and koplik spot Blotchy reddish brown rash on the face trunk and proximal extremities |
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Infection of the mother by Rubella virus during pregnancy
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if the mother is infected within the first 20 weeks of pregnancy,
congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), Spontaneous abortion |
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Rhinovirus
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Binds to ICAM A
Account for 60% of cold |
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Shigellosis
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Epithelial discruption with overlaying exudate of polymorphonuclear leukocytes
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Variola major
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Smallpox
Skin pustule Pneumonia |
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Poliovirus
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Fecal-oral
Enterovirus Oropharynx first Spinal cord anterior horn cells and bulbar nuclei Produce paralysis typical of polio |
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Intestinal tuberculosis
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Stricture formation
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Mononuclear inflammatory cells
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Milder form of enterocolitis
Virus Giardia Salmonella spp |
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Macrophage:
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nitric oxide
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Neutrophile:
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NADPH oxidase
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HSV
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Multinucleated cells that contain pink to purple intranuclear inclusions
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Cysticercosis
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Gray and white cerebral tissue cyst
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Tsetse fly
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Sleeping sickness
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Dengure fever
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Hemorrhagic fever
Mosquito: aedes aegypti Muscle tenderness Arbovirus of the flavivirus group Bone marrow suppression |
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Hantavirus
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Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)
Rat |
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Congenital infections
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Herpes infected through birth canal
Toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus cause severe cerebral disease Syphilis: severely hydropic, diffuse rash with sloughing skin on the palms and soles and respiratory distress |
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Francisella tularensis
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Facultative intracellular bacterium. Fever
Headache Backpain and malaise Maculopapular rash on the face forearms and mucous membrane of the oropharynx 30% of death Biological weapon |
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Trypanosoma gambiense
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Sleeping sickness
Lymphogranuloma venereum A chronic ulcerative disease more endemic in asia Tsetse fly fever, headaches, and joint pains, lymph nodes swell up to tremendous sizes. Winterbottom's sign, the tell-tale swollen lymph nodes along the back of the neck, If untreated, symptoms spread anemia, endocrine, cardiac, and kidney. The disease then enters a neurological phase when the parasite passes through the blood-brain barrier. Besides confusion and reduced coordination, the sleep cycle is disturbed with bouts of fatigue punctuated with manic periods progressing to daytime slumber and night-time insomnia. With progressive mental deterioration leading to coma and death. |
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Psittacosis
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First week of psittacosis the symptoms mimic typhoid fever
Prostrating high fevers, arthralgias, diarrhoea, conjunctivitis, epistaxis and leukopenia. Rose spots can appear and these are called Horder's spots. Splenomegaly is frequent toward the end of first week. Diagnosis can be suspected in case of respiratory infection associated with splenomegaly and/or epistaxis |
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Brugia malayi
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Elephantiasis
Nematode transmitted by mosquitos Filariasis |
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Leishmaniasis
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Middle east
Sandflies Macrophages Hyperpigmentation of the skin Hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy Bone marrow and splenic enlargement Pancytopenia |
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Giardia lamblia
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Intestinal parasite
Watery diarrhea Monocyte infiltration at colon |
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Schistosomiasis
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Snails
Hepatic cirrhosis Bladder disease |
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Echinococcosis
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Ingested of tapeworm eggs
Lead to cyst formation in visceral organs |
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Plasmodium falciparum
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Malaria
Hemolytic anemia Splenomegaly Cerebral thrombosis |
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Onchocerciasis
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River blindness and Robles' Disease, is the world's second
Leading infectious cause of blindness. Onchocerca volvulus, a nematode that can live for up to fifteen years in the human body Bite of a blackfly of the genus Simulium They die cause intense itching and a strong immune system response that can destroy nearby tissue, such as the eye |
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Toxoplasmosis
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Congenital
Chronic abscessing inflammation in brain |
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Cryptoccosis
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Lung and meninges
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Chagas disease
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Trypanosoma cruzi
Reduviid Triatomid bug Cardiac failure Heart is enlarged and four chambers are all dilated |
