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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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icosahedral, nonenveloped, SS+ nonsegmented RNA that can destroy anterior horn
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picornaviridae enterovirus (poliovirus)
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RNA virus that replicates in Peyer's patches and tonsils
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picornaviridae enterovirus (poliovirus)
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How does your body protect you from future polio infections?
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infection generates IgG and secretory IgA
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Polio vaccine with shorter duration but no risk of reversion to virulence
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Salk (killed)
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polio vaccine that generates IgA mucosal immunity and can confer group immunity but runs risk of reversion
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Sabin (live)
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post-paralytic syndrome
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picornaviridae enterovirus (poliovirus)
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icosahedral, nonenveloped, SS + nonsegmented RNA virus that is acid resistance and replicates in cytoplam
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picornaviridae enterovirus (Coxsackieviruses A & B)
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hand foot mouth disease
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picornaviridae enterovirus (Coxsackieviruses A & B)
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herpangina
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picornaviridae enterovirus (Coxsackieviruses A & B)
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can cause both myocarditis/pericaditis and aseptic meningitis
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picornaviridae enterovirus (Coxsackieviruses A & B)
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Most common causes of common cold
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rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, influenza C, coxsakievirus
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icosahedral, nonenveloped, nonsegmented SS + RNA that causes acute hepatitis
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picornaviridae enterovirus (hepatitis A virus)
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What's in the vaccine of picornaviridae enterovirus (hepatitis A virus)?
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formalin-inactivated HAV
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Which virus can cause hepatitis from contaminated water and shellfish?
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picornaviridae enterovirus (hepatitis A virus)
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icosahedral, nonenveloped, nonsegmented + SS RNA that has more than 100 serotypes
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picornaviridae rhinovirus
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MCC common cold
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picornaviridae rhinovirus
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binds ICAM-1 on upper respiratory tract of epithelial cells and prefers 33 degree replication temperature
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picornaviridae rhinovirus
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icosahedral, nonenveloped, SS+ nonsegmenter RNA that causes gastroenteritis on cruise ship
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Norwalk virus (Caliciviridae)
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icosahedral, nonenveloped, SS+ nonsegmented RNA that causes hepatitis in pregnant women
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Caliciviridae Calicivirius (Hepatitis E)
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icosahedral, nonenveloped, ds segmented RNA that is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in babies
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reoviridae rotavirus
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"wheel like structure"
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reoviridae rotavirus
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nonenveloepd virus capable of reassortment
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reoviridae
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passive immunity by IgA through mom's colostrum
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reoviridae rotavirus
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icosahedral, nonenveloped, ds segmented RNA from wood tick bite
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reoviridae coltivirus (colorado tick virus)
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ds segmented RNA virus capable of infecting bone marrow cells
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reoviridae coltivirus (colorado tick virus)
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fever, myalgia, OCULAR pain, headache
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reoviridae coltivirus (colorado tick virus)
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icosahedral nucleocapsid, enveloped, SS + nonsegmented RNA that causes encephalitis
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togaviridae alphavirus
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Name the order of infectiousness of togaviridae alphavirus
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Eastern EE > WEE > VEE
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Is there a vaccine for togaviridae alphavirus?
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yes, formalin inactivated or attenuated virus
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icosahedral, enveloped, ss + nonsegmented RNA that causes rash after fever spreading from head to trunk w/postauricular and occipital lymphadenopathy
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togaviridae rubivirus (German measles)
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if infected congenitally....deafness, PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis, cataracts (white pupils), microcephaly
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togaviridae rubivirus (German measles)
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What causes the rash of togaviridae rubivirus (German measles)?
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antibody-mediated reactions --> maculopapular rash
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How can you detect congenital rubella during pregnancy?
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virus in amniocentesis
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When can you give a pregnany woman MMR?
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AFTER the pregnancy
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up to how old can a baby pass togaviridae rubivirus (German measles)
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2 yo
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what is the only live viral vaccine you can give to a HIV patient?
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MMR
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icosahedral, enveloped, SS + nonsegmented RNA passed by Aedes mosquitos
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yellow fever virus (Flaviviridae flavivirus)
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RNA virus causing hepatitis, jaundice, black vomit (hemorrhagic disease)
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yellow fever virus (Flaviviridae flavivirus)
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RNA virus causing "break bone fever"
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Dengue fever virus (Flaviviridae flavivirus)
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How does dengue fever become hemorrhagic?
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2nd infection by different serotype --> antibodies against 1st serotype increase --> cross-react to form immune complexes --> type III hypersensitivity reaction
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St. louis encephalitis
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Flaviviridae flavivirus
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Councilman bodies seen
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yellow fever virus (Flaviviridae flavivirus)
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How can you test for dengue fever?
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tourniquet test: increase petechiae after blood pressure cuff inflation
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Is the vaccine for yellow fever virus (Flaviviridae flavivirus) live or killed?
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live-attenuated
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icosahedral nucleocapsid, enveloped, SS + nonsegmented RNA causing chronic hepatitis
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hepatitis C virus (Flaviviridae)
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How many hep C cases become asymptomatic carriers?
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50-70%
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Individual undergoes transplant and gets hepatitis. which type?
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hepatitis C virus (Flaviviridae)
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icosahedral, enveloped, SS + diploid RNA that causes host so be susceptible to opportunistic infections
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Retroviridae Lentivirus (HIV)
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gag gene codes for
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p17 (matrix), p24 (capsid)
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pol gene codes for
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protease, reverse transcriptase, integrase
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env gene of Retroviridae Lentivirus (HIV) code for
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gp120 (binds CD4, CXCR4, and CCR5 on T cells and MP), gp41 (mediates viral cell fusin and syncytia formation
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primary cells infected by Retroviridae Lentivirus (HIV)
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CD 4+ T cells and MP
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how does host respond to HIV infection during latency?
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1. increased Th cell production
2. CTL reponse against infected cells |
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How does HIV deplete CD4+ T cells?
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immune attack on infected cells by CTLs, cell lysis from extensive viral budding, syncytia formation between infected and uninfected cells
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what is the clinical threshold for AIDS?
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CD4+ < 200 cells
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icosahedral, enveloped, SS + diploid RNA associated with T cell lymphomas
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Retroviridae HTLV
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env gene of Retroviridae HTLV produces
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gp46 and gp21
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pol gene of Retroviridae HTLV lacks what that HIV creates?
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integrase
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weakness/stiffness in legs due to attack on neural cells from activated CTLs that were activated by this RNA virus
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Retroviridae HTLV
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how do you differ between HTLV-1 and 2?
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PCR
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What neuro disease is associated with Retroviridae HTLV?
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multiple sclerosis
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icosahedral, enveloped, SS - circular RNA
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deltavirus
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no hep B infection means you won't be infected by this virus
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hepatitis D
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what does hepatitis B give to hep D to make it active?
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requires Hepatitis B surface antigen to form infectious particle
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the only virus that can cleave and ligate itself?
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HDV genome has ribozyme which is an RNA particle that can cleave and ligate itself
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helical, enveloped, SS + nonsegmented RNA virus with club-shaped projections on envelope
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coronaviridae coronavirus
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causes SARS
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coronaviridae coronavirus
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second most common viral cause of colds
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coronaviridae coronavirus
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helical, enveloped, SS - segmented RNA that causes encephalitis
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Bunyaviridae bunyavirus (California Encephalitis Virus)
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high risk of infection in Midwest forests due to mice
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Bunyaviridae bunyavirus (California Encephalitis Virus)
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helical, enveloped, SS - segmented RNA that causes flu-like symptoms and interstitial pulmonary edema
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Bunyaviridae hantavirus
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rodent hosts shed virus in feces/urine
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Bunyaviridae hantavirus
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diagnosed with IgM antibody in serum and PCR from lung bx
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Bunyaviridae hantavirus
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What are the important proteins of orthomyxoviridae?
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neuraminidase (cleaves HA-sialic acid interaction and helps the packaged virus leave infected cell)
hemagglutinase (binds sialic acid) M protein (involved in assembly) |
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How many segments of RNA does influenza have?
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8 segments
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helical, enveloped, SS - segmented virus
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orthomyxoviridae influenzavirus
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What must be removed from HA to be infective?
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arginine
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What is the most common pathogen associated with secondary pneumonia in influenza?
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staph aureus
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antigenic shift --> pandemics *assoc with animal reservoirs*
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orthomyxoviridae influenzavirus A
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antigenic drift --> epidemics
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orthomyxoviridae influenzavirus A & B
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helical, enveloped, SS - nonsegmented RNA virus that causes croup
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paramyxoviridae (Parainfluenza virus)
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CXR: steeple sign (subepiglottic swelling)
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paramyxoviridae (Parainfluenza virus)
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Treatment for paramyxoviridae (Parainfluenza virus)
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cool mist and corticosteroids
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Which helical, enveloped SS - nonsegment RNA virus does not have HA or NA but has G protein?
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paramyxoviridae pneumovirus (RSV)
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bronchiolitis & MC viral cause of pneumonia in children
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paramyxoviridae pneumovirus (RSV)
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What allows RSV to be infectious?
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G protein on viral envelope attaches to bronchiolar and alveoli epithelium
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What Ig rises in RSV?
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IgA
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what can you see in the respiratory secretion of RSV?
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syncytia due to F protein
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helical, enveloped, SS - RNA that can cause parotitis, orchitis, and aseptic meningitis
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paramyxoviridae rubulavirus
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how do you protect against mumps?
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live attenuated vaccine
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increased amylase
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paramyxoviridae rubulavirus
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helical, enveloped, SS - nonsegment RNA with rash that goes from head down
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paramyxoviridae morbillivirus (Rubeola - measles)
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koplick spots
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paramyxoviridae morbillivirus (Rubeola - measles)
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subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
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paramyxoviridae morbillivirus (Rubeola - measles)
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cough, coryza and conjunctivitis in 10-14 days
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paramyxoviridae morbillivirus (Rubeola - measles)
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promotes inflammation around capillaries
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paramyxoviridae morbillivirus (Rubeola - measles)
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Warthin-Finkeldey cells (giant cells form with inclusion bodies)
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paramyxoviridae morbillivirus (Rubeola - measles)
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severe case of measles in infants give...
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high dose vit A
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Which live vaccine can you give an HIV patient?
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MMR
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What causes the rash and Koplick spots of measles?
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immune mediated
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helical, enveloped, SS - nonsegment RNA that causes negri bodies
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Rhabdoviridae lyssavirus (Rabies)
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bullet shaped
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Rhabdoviridae lyssavirus (Rabies)
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dysphagia + encephalitis + photophobia & hydrophobia
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Rhabdoviridae lyssavirus (Rabies)
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binds to acetylcholine receptors and enters peripheral nerves an travels proximally to CNS
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Rhabdoviridae lyssavirus (Rabies)
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binds post-synaptic nicotinic receptors
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Rhabdoviridae lyssavirus (Rabies)
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how do you get passive immunity to Rhabdoviridae lyssavirus (Rabies)?
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Human rabies immune globulin
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how do you treat rabies infection?
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human diploid cell vaccine (live attenuated virus)
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assoc with bats and skunks
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Rhabdoviridae lyssavirus (Rabies)
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cane shaped, enveloped, SS - non segmented RNA virus that has a glycoprotein that is high glycosylated making it hard for host to make antibodies for defense
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Filoviridae Filovirus (Ebola virus, Marburg virus)
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hemorrhagic fever
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Filoviridae Filovirus (Ebola virus, Marburg virus)
marburg from monkey |
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sand-like ribosomal particles in virion
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Arenaviridae arenavirus (Lassa virus)
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helical, enveloped, SS - nonsegment RNA that causes hemorrhagic fever due to resevoir in rodent
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Arenaviridae arenavirus (Lassa virus)
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