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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In eukaryotes, genes are split into 2 classes of sequences
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introns and exons
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prokaryotic mRNA
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unmodified ends
several proteins are made from one mNA |
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eukaryotic mRNA
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modified ends
one protein is made from one mRNA |
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What is the 5' cap do?
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1. stability
2. splicing 3. transport 4. translation |
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human factor VIII gene
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26 exons
200,000 nucleotide pairs mutaed in hemophilia |
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What is the first step of splicing?
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A of intron attacks the 5' splice site and a loop is created
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What is very important about splicing?
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no enzymatic activity
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What are three parts of the intron?
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donor site, branch site, acceptor site
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alternative splicing
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exons are connected out of order
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Splicing is carried out by...
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spliceosome (proteins +small nuclear RNA)
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transesterification:
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no addition or subtraction of phosphodiester bonds
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All RNA processing reactions are mediated by ___ of ___.
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CTD of RNA Pol II
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splicing involved what three main interactions?
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protein-protein
protein-RNA RNA-RNA |
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snRNPs
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single snRNA+20 proteins
structural core of snRNPs has 8 protein |
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snRNA
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U1, U2, U5, U4, U6
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Calcitonin
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hormone that causes increased calcium and phosphate incorporation into bone
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CGRP
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Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide: induces vasodilatation and maybe a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator
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What is the result of alternative splicing?
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you can get -75,000 different proteins from 25,000 genes
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beta-thalassema
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deficiency of any one (beta) of the chains of hemoglobin
means: very little or no alpha2beta2 and a lot of alpha4 which is insoluble splicing defects are responble |
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one type of silent mutation
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change in base sequence but not in codon...can cause alternative splicing
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spinal muscular atrophy
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autosomal recessive genetic disorder (5q13)
mutations in SMN1 which gives rise to SMN2 which is a silent mutation in one of the exons....exon skipping |
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RNA editing
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minor differences of sequence of RNA transcript compared to DNA
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The processing of tRNA and rRNA is an example of...
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how just one transcipt can give rise to multiple products
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cytidine deaminase converts C to what?
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U in intestine mRNA...shorten the protein
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