Rl101 Test 1

Front 1

Shaman

Back 1

Shamans are intermediaries or messengers between the natural world and spirit worlds. Boundary crosser in an oral religion.

Front 2

Exorcism

Back 2

Exorcism is the practice of evicting demons or other spiritual entities from a person or place which they are believed to have possessed. Boundary crosser in an oral religion

Front 3

Diviner

Back 3

A boundy crosser in an oral religious tradition.

Front 4

Fetish

Back 4

is an object believed to have supernatural powers, or in particular, a man-made object that has power over others. Essentially, fetishism is the attribution of inherent value or powers to an object. A characteristic of oral religions.

Front 5

Mana

Back 5

a spiritual quality considered to have supernatural origin – a sacred impersonal force existing in the universe. Therefore to have mana is to have influence and authority, and efficacy – the power to perform in a given situation.

Front 6

Orisha

Back 6

Deities in the Yoruba tradition. Not the Holy God (Olorum), but the other divinities below the holy God.

Front 7

Sycretism

Back 7

To mold religious beliefs together. This is what happened with the Yoruba tradition when other non oral religious traditions came along.

Front 8

Taboo

Back 8

is a strong social prohibition (or ban) relating to any area of human activity or social custom that is sacred and forbidden based on moral judgment and sometimes even religious beliefs. In Yoruba tradition, sin is the sum of all taboos.

Front 9

Yoruba

Back 9

Early oral religious tradition. Many non oral religious traditions grew from the Yoruba tradition

Front 10

The Vedas

Back 10

Oldest Hindu Scripture. Talks about proper worship and introduces some of the key gods in Hinduism.

Front 11

The Upanishads

Back 11

700 – 500 BCE. The big questions of Hinduism begin to be asked and answered. Written at about the same time as Confucius and Buddha. Reincarnation, Yoga, Exploration of Divinity

Front 12

The Puranas

Back 12

Usually talk about a single deity. Most of the Puranas are written in story form, or narratives

Front 13

Brahman

Back 13

Brahman as the reality behind their own being and of everything else in this universe. The self that must be separate from the soul (Atman)

Front 14

Brahma

Back 14

The creator God in Hinduism. Brahma is one of three major gods in accordance with the Upanishads.

Front 15

Brahmins

Back 15

Those who have fully understood the concept of Brahman and the separation between Brahman and Atman. Brahmins are priests and are at the top of the caste system

Front 16

Atman

Back 16

The nonmaterial essential self. The Gita, talked about separating Atman from the self. The Atman neither acts nor doesn’t act. It does not kill or be killed. What the body does is not attracted to the soul.

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Karma

Back 17

Good or bad. The fruits of our actions are evident over our many lives.

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Moksha

Back 18

Liberation or release from Samsara. The ultimate goal of Hindus. There are 3 main paths to Moksha. They are Jnara yoga, Karma yoga, and Bhakti Yoga.

Front 19

Samasara

Back 19

The endless round of rebirths. This is not a good thing. The goal is to reach Moksha, or the end of Samasara.

Front 20

Rebirth/transmigration

Back 20

The rebirth that takes place in Samsara. Your Karma determines what type of life you will transmigrate to.

Front 21

Dharma

Back 21

Duty

Front 22

Varna

Back 22

The “Caste System in Indian Hinduism. Brahmins are at the top, and the “untouchables” are at the bottom.

Front 23

Ashrama

Back 23

A stage in the age based social system formerly used in Hinduism. As you got older you moved up in stages of Ashrama.

Front 24

Bhakti

Back 24

Used in the Gita to describe a religious path. A spiritual path that signifies religious involvement

Front 25

Ramayana

Back 25

Part of the Hindu epics. Focuses on ideal people in a society

Front 26

Mahabharata

Back 26

Longest poem known to man. Part of the Hindu epics. Contains the Gita

Front 27

Puja

Back 27

Means worship in Hinduism

Front 28

Darshan/Darshana

Back 28

A vision of the divine had by Hindus. Literally means a vision

Front 29

Jnana yoga

Back 29

Path of knowledge, helps a Hindu achieve Moksha. Yoga means discipline

Front 30

Karma yoga

Back 30

Path of action. Helps a Hindu achieve Moksha. Yoga means discipline

Front 31

Bhakti yoga

Back 31

Path of devotion. Helps a hindu achieve Moksha. Yoga means discipline

Front 32

Prasad

Back 32

is a mental condition of generosity, as well as a material substance that is first offered to a deity (in Hinduism) and then consumed

Front 33

Murti

Back 33

a murti is a representation of a divinity, made usually of stone, wood, or metal, which serves as a means through which a divinity may be worshiped

Front 34

Sikhism

Back 34

Focuses on a supreme and intangible God. It is not Buddhism nor Hinduism. Sikhs would have no problem attending a Buddhist Temple. Started by Guru Nanak. Sikh = disciple.

Front 35

Guru Nanak

Back 35

First of 10 Sikh Gurus. All of the other Gurus possessed Nanak’s divinity. He wrote the first mantra. It talks about God’s divinity, and a monotheistic religion

Front 36

The Five K’s of Sikhism

Back 36

Uncut hair, comb, undergarment, sword, bracelet

Front 37

Mantra

Back 37

Creedal affirmations in Sikhism. Guru Nanak speaks of the first mantra

Front 38

Sadhu

Back 38

A mystic or an ascetic of Hinduism. One who practices yoga. Goal is to achieve Moksha

Front 39

Sannyasi

Back 39

is the order of life of the renouncer within Hindu scheme of āśramas, or life stages. It is considered the topmost and final stage of the varna and ashram systems and is traditionally taken by men at or beyond the age of fifty years old or by young monks who wish to dedicate their entire life towards spiritual pursuits

Front 40

Guru Gobind Singh

Back 40

The last of the Gurus. He started a group of Sikh warriors that eventually ended badly. All of his sons were killed. He managed to escape prison but was eventually executed. Last of the Gurus.

Front 41

Guru Granth Sahib

Back 41

The first book of Sikhism. Contains poems written by all of the Gurus. Sikhs recited some of the poems before they go to bed.

Front 42

Langar

Back 42

The vegetarian food served for free at Sikh temples. Making it vegetarian ensures that everyone can eat as equals.

Front 43

Sants

Back 43

The pioneers of the Sikh faith. They took elements from Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam. Elements: bhakti, hatha yoga, and mystical tradition

Front 44

Advaita Vedanta

Back 44

Hindu school of Hindu philosophy

Front 45

Avatar/Avatara

Back 45

refers to a deliberate descent of a deity from heaven to earth, and is mostly translated into English as "incarnation", but more accurately as "appearance" or "manifestation".

Front 46

The Four Sights

Back 46

Old age, illness, death, sannyasin

Front 47

The Four Noble Truths

Back 47

Suffering, why we suffer, nirvana, the eightfold path

Front 48

The Three Jewels

Back 48

The Buddha, the dharma, the sangha

Front 49

Bhikku

Back 49

A male Buddhist monastic

Front 50

Bhikkuni

Back 50

A female Buddhist monastic

Front 51

Sangha

Back 51

An association or group of Buddhist. Those who have reached the phase of monastic (Bhikku or Bhikkuni).

Front 52

Arhart

Back 52

Someone who has realized the goal of nirvana and has made their way out of Samsara.

Front 53

Bodhisattva

Back 53

Terevada- someone who is working their way towards liberation/nirvana. Mahayana- someone who has already reached a considerable degree of enlightenment and can help others obtain the same degree.