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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis (i.e. "hardening of the arteries").
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An endothelial injury leads to LDL infiltration into the vessel wall. The LDL is modified/oxidized leading to uptake and accumulation within Macrophages (foam cells). Once activated, the macrophages release inflammatory cytokines leading to activated T cells, monocyte recruitment and intimal migration of smooth muscle cells (atheroma formation). With accumulation in the tunica intima, there is progressive weakening of the tunica media.
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IL6 is produced by (blank) during atherosclerosis leading to CRP and othe acute phase reactants.
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Activated T Cells
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Why do we fear plaque rupture?
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Rupture can produce a thrombus leading to occlusion then ischemia.
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What is the difference between a Risk Factor and a Risk Marker?
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Risk Factor is causally linked to the disease, while a Risk Marker can be just a measure of the process and not causally linked.
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Name Some Common Risk Factors for Heart Disease.
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Cigarrettes, Cholesterol Level, EKG Abnormality, Lack of Exercise, Obesity, Age, Male Gender, Diabetes, BP, Menopause
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Using the Framingham Risk Study, What 3 characteristics require intensive risk factor intervention?
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High Risk is determined by Established CAD, DM, or >20% calculated risk.
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Describe the lab values, doctors shoot for in managing these risk factors: LDL, BP and Glucose.
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LDL <160; BP <140/90; Glucose FBS <110 mg/dl / HbA1c <7%
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TRUE/FALSE - Arteriosclerosis is a generic term that encompasses atherosclerosis, a disease of large and medium arteries, & arterioloscelerosis, a disease of small arteries.
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True
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Describe the pathologic changes in Arterioloscerosis.
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Hyaline and collagen deposition along with hyperplastic changes lead to loss of elasticity in the vessel wall and can lead to luminal narrowing.
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Atherosclerosis is most prevalent in what 2 anatomical location?
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abdominal aorta and coronary arteries
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TRUE/FALSE - Aortic fatty streaks seen in virtually all children by age 10, regardless of geography, race, sex or environment
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TRUE
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Reference to several conditions including erosion, ulceration or fissuring, plaque hemorrhage, mural thrombosis, calcification, and aneurysm.
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What does the term "complicated" plaque in advanced lesions imply?
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What are the 3 predominant major complications in atherosclerosis?
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The 3 predominant major complications are myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and aortic aneurysm
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