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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the Rickettsiae and chlamydiae; three characteristics?
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1. Obligately intracellular
2. Can't grow on artificial media; 3. Between bacteria and viruses. |
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What type of symptoms are seen in Nongon urethritis?
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It's often asymptomatic.
Females MAYBE white scanty discharge. |
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What is used to treat
-Rickettsia, Coxiella, Orientia? -Chlamydia, Ehrlichia, Bartonel? |
1. Erithromycin/tetracycline
2. Doxycycline/Azithromycine |
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What 4 lab methods are used to diagnose Rickettsiae/Chlamydiae?
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1. Serology (most common) especially IFA!
2. Molecular methods 3. Tissue culture |
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What three infections does Chlamydia trachomatis cause?
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1. Genital tract infections
2. Trachoma 3. Lymphaogranuloma venereum |
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What type of development do the Chlamydiae go through?
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3-cycle: Elementary body, intermediate body, and reticulate body.
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Which stage of development is the infectious one?
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Elementary
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What species causes the well-known Chlamydia?
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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What does Chlamydia trachomatis cause in adults?
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Nongonococcal urethritis, an STD genital tract infection.
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What 3 side effects does PID cause in females?
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-Ectopic pregnancy
-Spontaneous abortion -Premature birth induced |
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What is a severe infection Chlamydia especially causes in women?
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Pelvic inflammatory disease
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What does C. trachomatis cause in infants? What else can it develop into?
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Inclusion conjunctivitis; can progress to neonatal meningitis.
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What 4 organisms cause neonatal meningitis?
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1. Strep grp B
2. C. trachomatis 3. Haemoph. type B 4. Chyrseobact. meningosept. |
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What is Trachoma?
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chronic conjunctivitis where the cornea sloughs off from eyelashes scraping.
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What else does C. trachomatis cause?
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Lymphogranuloma venereum.
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what is lymphogran venereum?
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an STD that causes genital lesions, inguinal bubos.
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What 3 ways is C. trachomatis diagnosed in lab?
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1. Cell/tissue culture (gold standard).
2. Immunological (DFA/EIA) 3. Probes/amplif. techniques |
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What causes TWAR?
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Chlamydia pneumonia.
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what is TWAR?
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Taiwan acute respiratory
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What is TWAR possibly associated with?
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1. atherosclerosis
2. Alzheimer's disease 3. Chronic autoimmune diseases like MS. |
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What does Chlamydia psittaci cause?
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Psittacosis/Ornithosis - zoonotic lung infection.
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What type of infection is Psittacosis?
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Zoonotic in humans because its a disease of birds.
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What are the 4 Rickettsiaceae genera?
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1. Rickettsia
2. Orientia 3. Ehrlichia 4. Anaplasma |
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How are Rickettsiaceae usually transmitted?
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Via arthroporids
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What 4 symptoms do Rickettsia and Orientia infections have?
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1. Lesions at the bite site
2. Rash 3. Fever 4. Headache |
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-Primarily what infection is associated with Rickettsia?
-What species causes it? |
Rocky mountain spotted fever - caused by R. rickettsii
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-Where is RMSF found?
-What transmits it? -What are its hosts? -Therefore what type of inf.? |
-In the SouthEast of U.S.
-Ticks -Ticks, dogs, rodents, humans. -Zoonotic infection |
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How many Rickettsia sp are there?
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18 - the 17 others cause milder infections not in the U.S.
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What are the 2 groups of Rickettsia/Orentia?
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1. Spotted fever group
2. Typhus group |
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What are the 3 types of Typhus caused by the typhus group?
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1. Epidemic (louse-borne)
2. Endemic (murine) 3. Scrub |
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What organism causes:
-Epidemic typhus -Endemic typhus -Scrub typhus |
Epi = Rickettsia prowazeki
End = Rickettsia typhi Scrb = Orientia tstusugamushi |
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What vector transmits R. typhi, endemic typhi?
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RAT FLEAS
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What transmits scrub typhi?
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Mites
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What symptoms are associated with Endemic/Epidemic typhus?
Scrub typhi? |
-Same as RMSF
-Rash on trunk |
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What vector transmits Ehrlichia and Anaplasma?
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TICKS
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What 2 diseases are caused by Ehrlichia and Anaplasma?
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1. Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis
2. Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis |
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What is the geographical distribution of Ehrlichiosis?
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same as lyme's disease
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What are 3 types of symptoms of Ehrlichiosis?
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1. Fever/myalgia/headache
2. Rash in HME 3. Critical septicemia |
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What are the 4 lab findings in Ehrlichiosis?
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1. Leukopenia
2. Thrombocytopenia 3. WBC inclusions - morulae 4. Serological/PCR test results |
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What type of testing is used to confirm Ehrlichiosis?
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Paired sera - during infection and convalescent.
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What causes Q fever?
What is Q fever? How is it transmitted? |
-Coxiella burnetii
-A febrile disease which involves the lungs. -Aerosol transm. from livestock. |
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What is Coxiella burnetii diagnosed with?
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Immunofluorescent antibody
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Why do we even care about Coxiella burnetii?
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Bioterrorism - it is a category B agent; moderately easy to disseminate.
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What last group of the Rickettsiaceae is stuck there?
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Bartonella
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What is funny about Bartonella?
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-Not a Rickettsiaceae
-Not obligately intracellular |
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What are the growth characteristics of Bartonella?
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Fastidious organism that grows on CA; Short GNB, oxidase negative.
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what are the 2 species of Bartonella? What infection does each cause?
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1. Bartonella quintana - Trench fever
2. Bartonella henselae - cat scratch fever |
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What vector transmits Trench fever? What symptoms does it cause?
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-Body lice
-Fever/myalgia/rash -Can cause endocarditis. |
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What is the natural habitat of Bartonella henselae?
What symptoms does it cause? |
Cats and Cat fleas.
Lesions at scratches, lymphadenopathy, systemic inf. |
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How are Bartonella species diagnosied?
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IFA or EIA
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What 2 STDs exhibit Urethritis, Cervicitis, or PID (if untreated)?
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-Chlamydia
-Gonorrhoeae |
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In whom can Chlamydia trachomatis cause infections?
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-Males (few though)
-Females (mostly) -Infants |
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-What do Infants get from Chlamydia infection?
-How can it be prevented? |
-Inclusion conjunctivitis - -Administer antimicrobial eye drops as prophylactic treatment.
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What can inclusn conjunctivitis potentially develop into?
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Neonatal pneumonia
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What is the world leading cause of blindness?
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Trachoma
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What's trachoma again?
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Chronic conjunctivitis.
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What 2 STDs does Chlamydia trachomatis cause?
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-Nongon urethritis
-Lymphogranuloma venereum |
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What causes lymphogran. venereum?
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A Rare serotype of C. trachomatis
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What is the method of choice for diagnosing chlamydia?
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Cell culture - but it is not practical for routine lab use b/c it takes too long.
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What is the specimen of choice for diagnosing chlamydia?
What else can be used? |
-A urethral swab - w/out cotton, wood shafts, lubricant.
-Can use 1st voided urine for molecular testing |
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What is the suggested diagnostic approach for clinicians for ehrlichiosis?
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1. If Patient has been exposed to ticks and exhibits symptoms.
2. Order peripheral blood smear, CBC, hepatic liver enzymes. 3. Order acute IFA andPCR 4. Empirically treat with doxycycline 5. Order 2-3 wk later convalescant IFA |
