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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the significance of ANA- anti-nuclear antibodies?
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If present in higher than normal numbers it suggests autoimmune disease.
The ANA test measures the pattern and amount of autoantibody which can attack the body's tissues as if they were foreign material |
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Describe Rheumatoid Arthritis
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a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the joints.
It can also affect the skin, blood vessels, heart, lungs, and muscle. |
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This disease presents with morning stiffness longer than 1 hour and is usually relieved with exercise
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RA
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This is a chronic autoimmune disease that results in inflammation and tissue damage. It can affect any part of the body, but most often harms the heart, joints, skin, lungs, blood vessels, liver, kidneys and nervous system.
Its more common in women and often presents with a malar rash |
SLE
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What are hematological manifestations of SLE?
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Anemia
Leukopenia Iron deficiency |
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What are cardiac manifestations of SLE?
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pericarditis
myocarditis endocarditis |
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What are the renal symptoms of SLE?
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Painless hematuria or proteinuria
Can casue membraneous glomerulonephritis |
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What are some test done to diagnose SLE?
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ANA: antinuclear antibodies
anti-ENA: anti-extractable nuclear antigen Antiphospholipid antibodies: can predispose to thrombosis anti-smith antibodies anti-dsDNA antibodies |
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What is the criteria to diagnose SLE?
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Must meet 4 out of the 11 criteria
SOAP BRAIN MD: Serositis: pleuritis, pericarditis Oral ulcers Arthritis Photosensitivity: UV causes rash Blood Changes: anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia Renal involvement (proteinuria or casts) ANA Positive Immunological changes: Positive anti-Sm DNA, anti-ds DNA, anti-phospholipid antibody and/or false positive serological test for syphilis Neurological signs (seizures, frank psychosis) Malar Rash Discoid lupus: red, scaly patches on skin which cause scarring |
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This disorder presents with dry eyes and dry mouth
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Sjögren's syndrome: its an autoimmune disorder in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva
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Which antibodies are typically present in Sjogren's syndrome?
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SSA/Ro
SSB/La (more specific) |
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What are some test used to Dx Sjogren's?
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Schirmer's test- measures the production of tears
Salivary gland function test Lip biopsy- to look for lymphocytes around the gland that may be damaging it. |
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A rare, chronic disease characterized by excessive deposits of collagen in the skin or other organs
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Scleroderma
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What are some signs and symptoms of scleroderma?
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CREST
Calcinosis Reynaud's Esophageal dysmotility Sclerodactyly Telangiectasia |
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What are Heberden's nodes and Bouchard's nodes
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Osteophytes on the fingers and toes associated with Osteoarthritis. Heberden's nodes are hard bony enlargements on the distal interphalangeal joints and Bouchard's nodes on the proximal interphalangeal joints
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Swan neck and boutonniere deformities are characteristic of what disease?
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
Boutonniere deformity: Hyperflexion at the proximal interphalangeal joint with hyperextension at the distal interphalangeal joint Swan neck deformity: Hyperextension at the proximal interphalangeal joint, hyperflexion at the distal interphalangeal joint |
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This is a group of related inflammatory joint disease associated with the MHC class I molecule HLA-B27
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Spondyloarthropathies
They include: Ankylosing Spondylitis Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis) Enteropathic arthritis Psoriatic arthritis |
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Which blood test can be done to diagnose RA?
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RF: Not very specific
ACPA: Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody (98%specific) |
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Fusion of the sacroiliac joints, elevated ESR, negative RF, positive HLA-B27
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Ankylosing Spondylitis
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This condition usually follows dysentery or a sexually transmitted infection; 80% are HLA-B27 positive
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Reiter's syndrome
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Septic bursitis is almost always caused by this organism
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Staph aureus
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Which bursa are more commonly affected by Septic bursitis
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olecranon
prepatellar |
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How cam you differentiate on phys exam between acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis
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range of joint motion is preserved in osteomyelitis
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What are the responsible pathogens that cause folliculitis?
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Staphylococci
Yeast Pseudomonas |
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What organisms cause impetigo
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Group A streptococci
S. aureus |
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vesicles on the skin of a child that rapidly become pustular and leave a golden crust
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Impetigo
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Who gets malignant otitis externa and what's the organism?
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Diabetes Mellitus, most commonly caused by pseudomonas and affects the mastoid bone
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Who are at risk of getting osteomyelitis?
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People with:
Sickle cell disease IV Drug users Elderly |
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What organism is the likely cause of osteomyelitis with sickle cell patients? IV Drug users?
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Sickle cell: Salmonella
Drug users: S.aureus, Pseudomonas, serratia |
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What organisms cause osteomyelitis that has spread from soft tissue infections (contiguous)
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Staph aureus
Staph epidermidis |
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How do you treat osteomyelitis?
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FQ 4-6 wks
If caused by S.aureus add rifampin |
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What are some meds to treat gout
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NSAIDS- Piroxicam
Indomethacine Colchicine Steroids- for acute attack Triaminolone- intra articular |
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What are some causes of hyperurecemia?
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Chemotherapy
Alcohol Leukemia Chronic hemolysis |
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How does IgA nephropathy (Berger's) present?
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Frank hematuria which usually starts within a day of an upper respiratory tract infection
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What are some side effects of steroid therapy?
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Cushing's
Hyperglycemia Immunosuppression Osteoporosis Weight gain Anovulation |
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Slippage of the vertebrae
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Spondylolisthesis: usually with L3-L5, slips forward most of the time
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How does Felty's syndrome present?
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Rheumatoid arthritis
Splenomegaly Leukopenia Fever |
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Name some drugs that can give you a positive ANA
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hydralazine
procainamide isoniazid dilantin methyldopa Alpha blockers |
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What condition presents with erythema multiforme (bull's eye lesions)
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SJS
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mouth sores, genital sores, inflammation inside of the eye, and skin problems (alopecia) suggest?
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Behcet's disease
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