Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Analogy
|
a comparison between two different things
can be used to expain something unfamiliar by associating it with something more familiar |
Farmer: tractor::Fisherman: rod
Dog: Bone::Cat: Fish |
|
|
Apostrophe
|
turning one's speech from one audience to another, often an abstraction, inanimate object, or absent person
directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstration, such as love used to make the object being addressed more personable, thus capable of creating emotion |
For Brutus, as you know, was Caesar's angel/Judge, O you gods, how dearly Caesar loved him
|
|
|
Conceit
|
a fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects
|
|
|
|
Hyperbole
|
uses deliberate exaggeration or overstatement
often has a comic effect; can be serious effect too produces irony-> funny |
I'm so hungry, I can eat a horse.
I told you a billion times not to feed the animals. |
|
|
Irony
|
the contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant
the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true |
|
|
|
Metaphor
|
used implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substition of one for the other, suggesting some similarity
|
Life is a beach.
|
|
|
Metonymy
|
Greek meaning "substitute name"
name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it reference to something or someone by naming one of its attributes |
The White House declared.
The pen is mightier than the sword. The IRS is auditing me? Great. All I need is a couple of suits arriving at my door. |
|
|
Paradox
|
a statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity
|
Fair is foul, and foul is fair
Whosoever loses his life, shall find it |
|
|
Personification
|
the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attrivutes or emotions
|
The sun smiled
|
|
|
Simile
|
compares two essentially unlike things usign the words "like" or "as"
|
He runs as fast as a snail.
She is mad like a bee. |
|
|
Synaesthesia
|
the rhetorical practice of associating two or more different senses in the same image
|
the cold smell of potato mold
loud colors dark sounds sweet smells green thought |
|
|
Synecdoche
|
part of something is used to represent the whole
a whole represented by naming one of its parts species referring to genus genus referring to species |
His parents brought him a new set of wheels [car]
Use you head [brain] to figure it out. She charged my plastic [credit card] |
|
|
Understatement
|
the ironic minimalizing of fact
something as less significant than it is effect: humorous and emphatic |
Event: British Admiral David Beatty had just watched two of his battle-cruisers explode and disintegrate under German fire at the Battle of Jutland, May 31, 1916.
Comment: "There seems to be something wrong with our bloody ships today... |
|
|
Alliteration
|
repetition of initial consonant sounds
emphasis technique |
Crumbling Castle of Cookies
|
|
|
Assonance
|
repetition of vowel sounds
manipulate mood |
Dead in da middle of little Italy, little did we know that we riddled some middle men who didn't do diddily
|
|
|
Consonance
|
repetition of ending consonant sounds
|
Rap rejects my tape deck, ejects projectile/Whether jew or gentile I rank top percentile
|
|
|
Onomatopoeia
|
imitation of sound through sounds of words
|
buzz
crunch meow |
|
|
Rhyme
|
repetition of accented vowel sound and all succeeding sounds
emphasis technique |
Twinkle twinkle little star/How I wonder what you are
|
|
|
Connotation
|
emotional associations which words have
|
She is so skinny. (negative)
She is so slender. (positive) He is retarded. (negative) He is special. (positive) |
|
|
Denotation
|
literal, dictionary defintions of words
|
|
|
|
Colloquial
|
use of slang
informal conversational, familiar tone not used in formal writing |
Hey, wassup homie?
|
|
|
Concrete
|
things that can be perceived with the senses
|
A banana
|
|
|
Abstract
|
things which can't be perceived with the senses
|
love
|
|
|
Clause
|
a group of words which contains both subject and verb
|
The boy ran.
|
|
|
Loose Sentence
|
type of sentence where the independent clause comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units (phrases and clauses)
informal, relax, conversational tone adds descriptive detail |
Abe Lincoln wept, fearing that the Union would not survive if the southern states seceded.
|
|
|
Parallel Sentences
|
repetition of grammatical element such as prepositional or verbal phrases
act as organizing force to attract reader's attention add emphasis provide musical rhythm manipulate the reader's emotional response |
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness...
|
|
|
Periodic Sentence
|
a sentence that begins with a dependent clause and ends with an independent clause
adds emphasis |
Alone in his study, lost in somber thoughts about his beloved country, dejected but not broken in spirit, Abe Lincoln wept.
|
|
|
Subordinate Clause
|
a clause which begins with a subordinating conjunction and so cannot stand alone
|
Since he left
|
|
|
Imagery/Descriptive Detail
|
writer's use of language which describes sensory experience
describes how things look, taste, smell, sound, and feel |
|
|
|
Chronological Order
|
places events in a composition in order in which they occurred in time
|
|
|
|
Counterargument
|
part of arugument in which the author anticipates readers' objections to his argument and answers them
|
|
|
|
Evidence
|
facts offered as proof in an argumentative essay
|
|
|
|
Order of Importance
|
author places evidence in order of least to most convincing or important
|
|
|
|
Thesis
|
the sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or proposition
|
|
|
|
Descriptive
|
writing intended to describe
purpose is usually to entertain ot persuade |
|
|
|
Expository
|
writing intended to explain
purpose is to inform |
|
|
|
Narrative
|
writing which tells a story
purpose is to entertain or persuade |
|
|
|
Persuasive
|
writing which presents an argument
purpose is to persuade |
|
|
|
Ambiguity
|
multiple meanings (intentional or unintentional) of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage
|
|
|
|
Allusion
|
direct or indirect reference to something such as an event, book, myth, or work of art
a literary, historical, religious, or mythological reference |
As the cave's roof collapsed, he was swallowed up in the dust like Jonah.
|
|
|
Anecdote
|
story used for illustrative purposes
|
|
|
|
Aphorism
|
terse statement which expresses a general truth or a moral principle
concise statement designed to make a point or illustrate a commonly held belief |
Spare the rod and spoil the child
Lost time is never found again Love the sinner and hate the sin One man's trash is another man's treasure |
|
|
Atmosphere
|
emotional mood created by entirety of a literary work
|
|
|
|
Didactic
|
primary aim of teaching
teaching of moral or ethical principles |
Examples: Aesop's fables
|
|
|
Euphemism
|
less offensive substitue for a generally unpleasant word or concept
indirect, kinder, or less hard or hurtful way of expressing unpleasant information |
Crippled-->disabled
Sex-->sleeping together Dead-->gone to a better place |
|
|
Homily
|
a sermon
any serious speech involving moral or spiritual advice |
|
|
|
Invective
|
emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong abusive language
|
Curse the blasted, jelly-boned swines, the slimy, the belly-wriggling invertebrates, the miserable sodding rotters, the flaming sods, the snivelling, dribbling, dithering, palsied pulse-less lot that make up England today. . . . God, how I hate them! God curse them, funkers. God blast them, wishwash. Extermine them, slime.
|
|
|
Mood
|
feeling created in the reader by a work of literature
|
|
|
|
Narrative Devices
|
used by storytellers
ordering events so that they build to a climax or withholding information until a crucial or appropriate moment when revealing it creates a desired effect |
|
|
|
Parody
|
work that closely imitates the style or content of another
specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule |
|
|
|
Pedantic
|
describes words, phrases, or general tone as scholarly, academic, or bookish
|
|
|
|
Point of View
|
perspective from which a story is told
author's attitude towards subject matter |
|
|
|
Prose
|
fiction and nonfiction
anything that isn't poetry or drama ordinary form of written language without metrical structure in contrast to verse and poetry |
|
|
|
Repetition
|
duplication (exact or approximate) of any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern
clarify information in expository prose emphasis technique in persuasive, narrative, or descriptive writing |
Words, words, words.
...we must fight! I repeat it, sir, we must fight! |
|
|
Satire
|
targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for riducule
irony, parody, caricature, hyperbole, understatment, sarcasm reform humans or society holds up human failings to ridicule and censure |
|
|
|
Style
|
sum of choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other rhetorical devices
|
|
|
|
Syllogism
|
deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises (major or minor) which inevitably lead to a sound conclusion
|
Major premise: All humans are mortal.
Minor premise: Socrates is human. Conclusion: Socrates is mortal. |
|
|
Symbol
|
anything that represents something else
|
Golden M Arches-->McDonald's
|
|
|
Theme
|
central idea or message of a work
insight it offers into life |
|
|
|
Tone
|
author's attitude toward his subject
|
|
|
|
Transition
|
word or phrase that links different ideas
|
|
|
|
Rhetorical Fallacy
|
an argument that's illogical
|
|
|
|
Deduction
|
reasoning from a known premise to and unknown one that must in logic be accepted--from a general truth to a particular truth
|
|
|
|
Induction
|
moves from a set of specific examples to a general statement
|
|
|
|
Oversimplification
|
tendency to provide simple solutions to complex problems
|
The reason we have low unemployment today is the war in the Middle East.
|
|
|
Hasty generalization
|
argument based on too little evidence or on evidence that is not representative
|
The movie was popular. It should get an Academy Award.
|
|
|
Post hoc ergo propter hoc
|
After this, therefore because of this
confusing chance or coincidence with causation because one event comes after another, it doesn't mean that the 1st caused the 2nd |
Ever since it started to rain, my husband has come home late.
|
|
|
Begging the question
|
assuming in a premise that needs to be proven
|
Conservation is the only means of solving the energy problem over the long run; therefore, we should seek out methods to conserve energy.
|
|
|
False Analogies
|
making a misleading analogy between logically unconnected ideas
|
Of course he'll make a fine coach. He was an all-star basketball player.
|
|
|
Either/or thinking
|
tendency to see issue as having only 2 sides
|
There are good judges and there are bad grades.
You are either with us or against us. |
|
|
Non sequitur
|
It does not follow
inference or conclusion that doesn't follow from established premises or evidence. |
She is a sincere speaker; she must know what she is talking about.
|
|
|
Enthymeme
|
logical reasoning with one premise left unstated
|
|
