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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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parallelism
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similarity of structure in pair or series of related words, phrases or clauses
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isocolon
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parallel elements are similar in structure and length
EX: his purpose was to impress the ignorant, to perplex the dubious and to confound the scrupulous |
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antithesis
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juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, often in parallel structure
EX: what if I am rich and another is poor |
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anastrophe
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inversion of natural/usual word order
EX: Yoda, I am |
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parenthesis
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insertion of some verbal unit in a position that interrupts normal syntactical flow of sentence
EX: pardon me, our whole culture (an important distinction, I've heard) |
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apposition
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placing side by side 2 coordinate elements, 2nd of which serves as an explanation/modification of 1st
EX: the mountain was the earth, her home |
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ellipsis
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deliberate omission of a word(s) which are readily implied by context
EX: and he to England shall along with you |
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asyndeton
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deliberate omission of conjunctions btwn series of related clauses
EX: I came, I saw, I conquered |
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polysyndeton
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deliberate use of many conjunctions
EX: it was dark and there was water and no lights and windows broke and boats all up and.... |
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alliteration
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repetition of initial/medial consonants in 2 or more adjacent words
EX: no deals for drug dealers |
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assonance
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repetition of similar vowel sounds, preceded and followed by diff consonants
EX: whales in the wake like capes and Alps |
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anaphora
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repetition of same word/groups of words at beginnings of successive clauses
EX: we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the grounds |
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epistrophe
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repetition of same word/group of words at ends of successive clauses
EX: we will be as strong as we need to be for as long as we need to be |
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epanalepsis
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repetition at the end of a clauses of word that occurred at beginning of clause
EX: blood hath brought blood |
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anadiplosis
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repetition of last word of one clause at beginning of following clauses
EX: the crime was common, common be the pain |
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antimetabole
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repetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order
EX: one should eat to live, not live to eat |
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chiasmus
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"criss-cross", reversal of grammatical structures in successive phrases/clauses
EX: exalts his enemies, his friends destroys |
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polyptoton
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repetition of words derived from same root
EX: rendered useless by overuse |
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synecdoche
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part stands for whole
EX: the British crown has been plagued with scandal |
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metonymy
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substitution of some attributive or suggestive word for what is actually meant
EX: I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat |
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anthimeria
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substitution of 1 part of speech for another
EX: Me, dictionarying heavily... |
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periphrasis (autonomasia)
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substitution of descriptive word/phrase for a proper name
EX: They do not escape Jim Crow |
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litotes
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deliberate use of understatement, stated in the negative
EX: To write is, indeed, no unpleasing employment. |
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iamb
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~ / (natural rhythm)
EX: deFEND |
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anapest
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~ ~ / (galloping, light, comic)
EX: interVENE |
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trochee
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/ ~ (pressing, forward, urgency, insistence)
EX: ESsay |
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dactyl
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/ ~ ~
EX: HIStory |
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spondee
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/ /
EX: blood creeps, nerves pick |
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enjambment
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breaking a clause, phrase, sentence in the middle
EX: I am not prone to weeping, as our sex Commonly are |
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Shakespearean sonnet
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14 lines of 5 foot verse
-3 quatrains -ends with rhymed epigrammatic couplet |
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Italian sonnet
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14 lines of 5 foot verse
-octave of 2 rhyme sounds (abba abba) -sestet *divides thought into 2 opposing/complementary sides of same subject |
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elegy
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poem of lament, praise, consolation, usually formal/sustained, death of a person/group
1. lament 2. sorrow/grief 3. praise |
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dramatic monologue
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revealing 1-way conversation by character usually directed to another or imaginary audience
-critical moment -unintentionally reveals their character |
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villanelle
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highly structured , 19 lines
-2 repeating lines, 2 refrains -five 3 line sections, one 4 line section |
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sestina
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39 lines, repetition of initial 6 end words
-ends with a 3 line envoi |
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ode
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lyric verse, usually irregular form
sometimes divided based on transitions of thought/mood *intense expression of elevated thought, often addressed to praise person/subject |
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pastoral
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describes shepherds, rustic life, often shepherd is the poet
-pastoral elegy: pastoral, rural imagery to mourn death/loss |
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pantoum
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-any length
-four-line stanzas -second and fourth lines of each stanza serve as the first and third lines of the next stanza -last line often same as first line |
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heroic couplet
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rhymed pair of lines, often iambic pentameter/tetrameter
-often a pause/caesura in middle of line |
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open forms/free verse
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doesn't conform to established meter/rhyming/stanza forms
-organic rather than predetermined structure |
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magical realism characteristics
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two conflicting perspectives:
1. rational view of reality 2. acceptance of supernatural as prosaic *amalgamation of realism and fantasy |
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magical realism- hybridity
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inharmonious arenas, borders, mixing, change
-deeper/truer reality than conventional realist techniques could illustrate EX: rational/irrational ghost/real slave/free North/South |
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magical realism- irony regarding author's perspective
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-ironic distance from magical world view
-POV of text not necessarily implied world view of author |
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magical realism- authorial reticence
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lack of clear opinions about accuracy of events, credibility of views expressed by characters in text
-ambiguity, unreliable characters, no absolute truth |
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magical realism- supernatural and natural
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supernatural is not displayed as questionable, integrated with norms of perception of narrator and characters
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magical realism- themes
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terror overwhelming possibility of rejuvenation
sadism time- cyclical carnivalesque |
