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64 Cards in this Set
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Metonymy
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(noun) A figure of speech in which one object or idea really stands for another related object.
Ex. He likes to serve the dish with bread. (dish used to represent the meal) |
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Synecdoche
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(noun) A figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole, or the whole is meant to represent the part.
Ex. The White House will release their decision at a later date. (White House represents all of the members) |
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Mood
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(noun) A state or quality of feeling at a particular time, or the feelings created in the reader of a text.
Ex. could be: horrified, excited, confused, elated, etc. |
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Motif
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(noun) A recurring subject, theme, idea, etc., especially in literature.
Ex. Motifs are single words or phrases like "peace" or "growing up" |
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Onomatopoeia
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(noun) The formation of a word, such as cuckoo or boom, by imitation of a sound made by or associated with its referent.
Ex. thud, boom, zap, kapow,etc. |
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Parallelism
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(noun) The repetition of a syntactic construction in successive sentances for rhetorical effect.
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Monologue
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(noun) a form of dramatic entertainment, comedic solo, or the like by a single speaker: a comedian's monologue.2. a prolonged talk or discourse by a single speaker, especially one dominating or monopolizing a conversation.3. any composition, as a poem, in which a single person speaks alone.4. a part of a drama in which a single actor speaks alone;soliloquy.
Ex. The man gave a monologue before the performance. |
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Oxymoron
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(noun) A figure of speech by which a locution ( a form of expression) produces an incongruous (out of place), seemingly self-contradicting effect
Ex. Jumbo shrimp, cruel kindness, clearly confused, almost done |
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Paradox
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A figure of speech in which a statement appears to contradict itself but is actually true.
Ex. 'I always lie' or "it would be faster to walk to work than to drive' in a snowstorm |
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Parody
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(noun) A humorous or satirical imitation of a serious piece of literature of writing
Ex. Animal Farm by George Orwell - It is a parody of the Communist Russian government and its decisions and practices. Saturday Night Live skits are often parodies of real life events or commercials. |
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Passive Voice (active and passive verbs)
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(verb) Passive; when the subject of a sentence is acted on by the verb. (the ball was thrown by the pitcher) Sometimes the subject is ambiguous (The ball was thrown out of the park)
Active: When the subject is doing the acting (performing the action) Ex. Kevin threw the ball. |
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Personification
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(noun) The attribution of a personal characteristic to inanimate objects
Ex. That is a mean ball. Look at the way the ocean just swallows those surfers. |
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Point of View
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(noun) The perspective from when a story is told
Types: Third Person, Objective/Limited, Omniscient, Limited Omniscient, First Person, Second Person |
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Third Person POV
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The narrator is not a part of the storyline, buy may be able to tell us how characters think and feel
Ex. "By the time the bus reached the school, Fern had named her pet, selecting the most beautiful name she could think of. 'Its name is Wilbur,' she whispered to herself. She was still thinking about the pig when the teacher said: 'Fern, what is the capital of Pennsylvania?' 'Wilbur,' replied Fern, dreamily. The pupils giggled. Fern blushed." E.B. White |
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Objective / Limited POV
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In this point of view a reader gets no more insight about the plot than what can be inferred from dialogue and action. No feelings or thoughts are disclosed.
Ex. Mr. Summers and Mr. Graves made up the slips of paper and put them in the box, and it wasthen taken to the safe of Mr. Summers' coal company and locked up until Mr. Summers was ready to take it to the square next morning. The rest of the year, the box was put way, sometimes one place, sometimes another; it had spent one year in Mr. Graves's barn and another year underfoot in the post office. and sometimes it was set on a shelf in the Martin grocery and left there." Shirley Jackson |
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Omniscient POV
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The narrator is all-knowing about all of the characters.
Ex. "He himself was a very old man with shaggy white hair which grew over most of his face as well as on his head, and they liked him almost at once. But on the first evening when he came to meet them at the front door he was so odd-looking that Lucy (who was the youngest) was a little afraid of him, and Edmund (who was the next youngest) wanted to laugh and had to keep on pretending he was blowing his nose to hide it." C.S. Lewis |
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Limited Omniscient POV
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The narrator is all-knowing about only one character.
Ex. "So he turned and started walking north on Hector, right down the middle of the street, right down the invisiblechalk line that divided East End from West End. Cars beeped at him, drivers hollered, but he never flinched. The Cobras kept right along with him on their side of the street. So did a bunch of East Enders on their side. One of them was Mars Bar. Both sides were calling for him to come over." Jerry Spinelli |
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First Person POV
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The narrator participates in the direct action of the story. However, the information given through the character may not be 100% factual, since what the narrator says is only what he or she knows to be true.
Ex. "I could picture it. I have a habit of imagining the conversations between my friends. We went out to the Cafe Napolitain to have an aperitif and watch the evening crowd on the Boulevard." Ernest Hemingway. |
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Second Person POV
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Narrator would be giving commands, or using the imperative mode, using words like "you" or "your." This point of view is used for directions or other process writing. For example: "Take out your paper and respond to the prompt on the board." It is not typical of storytelling.
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Prose
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(noun) the ordinary form of spoken or written langauge, without metrical structure. In writing, prose is the the normal, non poetical text.
Ex. Any writing that is NOT poetry is prose. Books, articles, movie subtitles, and ingredient lists on a label are all prose, though most typically prose refers to literary uses of writing that are not poetry. |
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Pun
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(noun) The humorous use of a word or phrase to emphasize or suggest 2 or more of its meanings; meaning of another word similar in sound. AKA a play on words
Ex. The gravity was so powerful, I couldn't stand it. I'm glad I know sign language, it's pretty handy. I used to have a fear of hurdles, but I got over it. |
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Purple Patch
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(noun) The section in a piece of writing that uses ornate, rich language.
Ex. It was a cold, dreary night in New Berlin; continuous rain and violent gusts of winds tormented the fragile trees outside as I cuddled with my flocculent dog in the safety of my bedroom. -In the last four games, the soccer player had obtained two hat tricks as well as four assists. |
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Redundancy
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(noun) When a writer says the same thing using different words. The repeated ideas are unnecessary and often wordy.
Ex. The people were concerned about how little attention the problem was received. No one was doing anything about the problem which worried everyone. |
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Reiteration
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(noun) The act of repeating over and over again for purposeful emphasis.
Ex. The quiz is Tuesday, this Tuesday. |
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Rhetorical Question
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(noun) A question asked solely to produce an effect or to make an assertion and not elicit a reply.
Ex. What is so rare as a day in June? |
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Satire
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(noun) a literary device using sarcasm or irony to critique social issues and inspire change
Ex. The Daily Show with Jon Steward is political satire. |
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Simile
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(noun) A type of speech where two unlike terms are explicitly compared using like or as
Ex. My cousin is sweet like candy. His eyes were as green as grass. |
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Stream-of-consciousness
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(noun) A literary style in which one's thoughts and feelings are depicted in a continuous and uninterrupted flow
Ex. A face reproachful tearful an odor of camphor and of tears a voice weeping steadily and softly beyond the twilit door the twilight-colored smell of honeysuckle." |
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Syllogistic argument
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(noun) A form of deductive reasoning of a major premise and a minor premise that ends with a conclusion.
Major premise: All mammals are warm-blooded. Minor premise: All black dogs are mammals. Conclusion: Therefore, all black dogs are warm-blooded. Major premise: All books from that store are new. Minor premise: These books are from that store. Conclusion: Therefore, these books are new. *It's kind of like the transitive property of equality for all the mathematicians. Major: A is B Minor: And C is A . Conclusion: Therefore I can conclude with reasoning that C must be B |
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Symbol
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(noun) Something used for or regarded as representing something else; a material object representing something, often something immaterial; emblem, token, or sign
Ex. The "G" on the Packers helmet is a symbol for greatness An arrow is a symbol that points out direction. In math an science, a triangle is a symbol for the phrase "Change in." |
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Syntax
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(noun) The study of the rules for formation of grammatical sentences in a language.
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Theme
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(noun) The main idea of a text or the lesson or moral learned from a text
Ex. In To Kill A Mockingbird an overall theme is the coexistance of good and evil. In Romeo and Juilet an overall theme is the forcefulness of love. |
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Tone
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(Noun) Style or manner of expression in speaking or writing, specifically it is the AUTHOR'S attitude toward the subject.
Ex. The tone of "Thanksgiving is a beast" is resignation toward her family's idiosyncrasies (A mode of behavior or way of thought peculiar to an individual) |
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Understatement
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(noun) A writer deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is
Antonyms - Hyperbole, Overstatement Ex. I am just going outside and may be some time." (Captain Lawrence Oates, Antarctic explorer, before walking out into a blizzard to face certain death, 1912) "I have to have this operation. It isn't very serious. I have this tiny little tumor on the brain." (Holden Caulfield in The Catcher In The Rye, by J. D. Salinger) |
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Strategies
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In prompts and questions, the noun "strategies" is code for what the author/speaker does in a text
Other terms for "strategies" that may appear in a prompt are: approaches, uses of language, uses of rhetoric, develops the argument, develops the position Ex. The author is most famous for her use of strategies like flashback and irony. |
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Allegory
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(noun) a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning. Characters, actions, and events are used to symbolize this meaning
Ex. Animal Farm or Lord of the Flies are examples of allegory |
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Antithesis
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(noun) the placing of a sentence or one of its parts against another to which it is opposed to form a balanced contrast of ideas
Ex. One small step for a man, one giant leap for all mankind. |
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Appositive
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(noun) A noun, noun phrase, or series of nouns placed next to another word or phrase that identifies or renames it.
Ex. The insect, a cockroach, is crawling across the kitchen table. |
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Extended Metaphor
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(noun) A metaphor introduced and then further developed throughout all or part of a literary work.
Ex. All the world's a stage and men and women merely players. Let me count my loves of thee, my rose garden, my heart, my fixed mark, my beginning and my end. |
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Irony
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Irony is the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.
Includes: situational, verbal, dramatic |
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Verbal Irony
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The speaker intends to be understood as meaning something that contrasts with the literal or usual meaning of what is said.
Ex. If a friend trips in the hallway and someone nearby says, "Wow, she's graceful." |
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Diction
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(noun) word choice in regard to correctness, clearness, and/or effectiveness
Ex. saying "an ominous glow" vs. "a beaming light" - saying "edifying" vs. "learning" |
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Dialogue
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A written composition in which two or more characters are represented as conversing.
Ex. Reed raises his hand and asks,"Excuse me, I am very tired may I go to bed?" Confused by why he's so sleepy, she asks, "What is the real problem Reed?" "Mrs. Schwane I do not understand the assignment; what is dialogue?" he asks sheepishly, now seeming very much awake. |
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Rhetoric
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(noun) The art of using language to accomplish a specific purpose.
Ex. All of the terms in the wiki's rhetorical device glossary relate to an author/speaker's rhetoric, and therefore are examples. |
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Litotes
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It is a figure of speech in which a positive is stated by negating its opposite.Using an appositive creates an understatement where the positive meaning doesn't seem as great as if it was said directly.
Ex. They aren't the unhappiest couple around. (They're happy) |
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Allusion
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(noun) an implied or indirect reference, especially in literature.
Ex. She looked down at the girl's red slippers and asked, "What witch did you get those from, Dorothy?" allusion to The Wizard of Oz |
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Alliteration
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(noun) the commencement of two or more words of a word group with the same letter or consonant sound
Ex. Carrie's cat clawed her couch, creating chaos. Nick’s nephew needed new notebooks now not never. |
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Rhetorical
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(adj.) relating to the way in which a speaker or writer uses language
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Hyperbole
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(noun) obvious and intentional exaggeration
Ex. We have enough food to feed an entire army. I'm so hungry I could eat a horse. |
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Dramatic Irony
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when the reader/ audience are aware of something that the characters in the story are not and vice versa
Ex.: The audience knows Juliet is drugged and not dead when Romeo finds he but he thinks she has died. |
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Dialect
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(Noun) A provincial, rural, or socially distinct variety of a language that differs from the standard language, especially when considered as substandard. Writing that captures the way people speak in a particular area.
Ex. From To Kill a Mockingbird: "‘Smatter ain’t you ever' seen a bug before?" |
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Juxtaposition
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(noun) the placement of two concepts, characters, things, events, ideas, phrases, settings or words side by side in order to draw a contrast, create suspense, bring about a rhetorical effect, compare, or as a tool for character development.
Comparing:The excited, young girl was glad that her soccer team had won the tournament. Contrasting:While Julia was happy that she passed the test, she was upset that she didn't get as good of a grade as she wanted. |
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Ambiguity
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(Noun) Uncertainty or inexactness of meaning in language
Ex. "I promise I'll give you a ring tomorrow." Unclear if the ring means a piece of jewelry or a phone call |
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Imagery
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(noun) The formation of mental images, figures,or likenesses of things, or of such images collectively. Sensory detail. Covers all five senses!
Ex. The gingery aroma of grandma's cookies woke me from my nap. |
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Situational Irony
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when the opposite of what is expected to happen, happens and both audience and characters are surprised by this
Ex. At the end of "The Gift of the Magi" it turns out that the husband, Jim, sold his most prized possession, a watch, in order to buy his wife a present, just as she did in order to buy him a chain for his watch. |
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Genre
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(noun) A class or category of artistic work
Ex. : One genre of literature is comedy. |
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Fallacy
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(noun) A deceptive, misleading or false notion, belief etc. A misleading or unsound argument. A mistake in logic.
Ex. Heavier objects fall faster than others. (In reality they fall at the same speed) Either/or fallacy: You must do your homework or fail. |
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Anecdote
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(noun) A short account of a particular or interesting event, especially of an interesting or amusing nature.
Ex. There was a medieval European king named Charles the Bald. He got this name, because he was such a hairy man. |
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Metaphor
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(noun) something used, or regarded as being used to, to represent something else.
Metaphors are used to compare two things, without using like or as. Ex. I was lost in a sea of nameless faces. The promise between us was a delicate flower. |
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Melodrama
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(noun) a dramatic form that does not observe the laws of cause and effect and that exaggerates emotion and emphasizes plot or action at the expense of characterization
Ex. Daytime soap operas, like Days of Our Lives, are common examples of melodrama. Heaven Allow and Written On The Wind portrays the effects of alcholism, domestic violence, and rape |
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Euphemism
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(Noun) The substitution of a mild, indirect, or vague expression for one thought to be offensive, harsh, or blunt.
Ex. “To pass away” is a euphemism for “to die.” |
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Epiphany
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(noun) a sudden striking understanding of something
Ex. An "Aha!" moment, a lightbulb going off in your head |
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Generalization
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(Noun) The act or process of claiming something true for an individual or a small group is therefore true for a larger group or the whole.
Ex. Government buildings are closed on national holidays. All animals that have feathers are birds. |
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Analogy
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(noun) similarity in some respects between things otherwise unlike; partial resemblance. a comparison but it is often more specifically a comparison of relationship between two pairs. For example: summer is to sunshine as winter is to snow.
Ex. I see no analogy between your problem and mine. -Thats like finding a needle in a haystack. - Like a diamond in the rough. |
