Revision Term 2 A&p Continued!

Front 1

The foramen ovale is

Back 1

A hole between the left and right sides of the heart in the fetus that allows the oxygenated blood from the mother to bypass the lungs while still in the womb

Front 2

There are__ chambers in the heart and are made of______ and______

Back 2

4 chambers

2 atria at the top

2 ventricles at the bottom

Front 3

The right side of the heart has a valve called the_______ valve which allows blood to be pumped from the_____ into the_______

Back 3

Tricuspid valve

From right atrium to right ventricle

Front 4

Kidney releases renin which converts - - - - - - - to - - - - - - - - - - - - using - - -

Back 4

Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin 1

Front 5

Angiotensin 2 is a - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Stimulates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Releases - - - - - - 1 from the Adrenal glands

Back 5

A2 is a vasoconstrictor

Stimulates thirst receptors

Releases aldosterone from the Adrenal glands

Front 6

Aldosterone acts on the - - - - - - to retain sodium and water to - - - - - - - - blood volume

Back 6

Kidneys

Increase blood volume

Front 7

A rise in salt and water - ----------- BP

Back 7

Increase

Front 8

A1 converts to A2 by using

Back 8

ACE = Angiotensin converting enzymes

Front 9

Turbinate bones are lined with

Back 9

Cilliated columnar epithelium

Front 10

The groove between the nares is called the

Back 10

Philtrum

Front 11

The pharynx is separated by the

Back 11

Soft palate

Front 12

The annular ligament is made of

Back 12

Fibrous connective tissue and smooth muscle

Front 13

The bone that partially houses a sinus formed at the caudal end of each nasal chamber is the

Back 13

Maxilla

Front 14

The trachea bifurates

Back 14

Just above the heart

Front 15

The pulmonary membrane lines the

Back 15

Alveoli

Front 16

The upper Respiratory tract comprises the

Back 16

Nose nasal cavity pharynx larynx and trachea

Front 17

The accessory lobe is found on the

Back 17

Right lung

Front 18

Which laryngeal cartilage prevents food moving into the larynx

Back 18

Epiglottis

Front 19

Muscles involved in normal respiration are

Back 19

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Front 20

Tidal volume is (amount)

Back 20

10-15ml/kg

Front 21

Bradypnoea is

Back 21

Abnormally slow breathing

Front 22

The - - - - - - are not contained in the mediastinum

Back 22

Lungs

Front 23

The pleura is the

Back 23

Serous lining of the thoracic cavity

Front 24

Pulmonary odoema is

Back 24

Accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue

Front 25

Residual volume is approx

Back 25

20% of total lung capacity

Front 26

Tidal air is

Back 26

The air that is breathed in and out during normal respiration

Front 27

Tidal volume is

Back 27

The amount of air that is breathed in, usually measured in ml/kg

Front 28

Total lung capacity is

Back 28

The amount of air needed to fill every part of the lung

Front 29

Vital capacity is

Back 29

The amount of air that can be expired

Front 30

Residual volume is

Back 30

The air left in the lung after forced exhalation capacity

Front 31

Anatomical dead space is

Back 31

The area of the Respiratory tract not used for gaseous exchange

Front 32

Functional residual is

Back 32

The air left in the lungs after normal exhalation which allows gaseous exchange to continue

Front 33

Three main lobes of lung (not including accessory)

Back 33

Apical

Cardiac

Diaphragmatic

Front 34

Blood forced from left atrium to left ventricle moves through

Back 34

Bicuspid valve

Front 35

Outer layer of mammalian heart called

Back 35

Epicardium

Front 36

Cell fragments needed for blood clotting are

Back 36

Platelets

Front 37

Plasma makes up - - - - - % of blood

Back 37

55-70%

Front 38

Phagocytosis is an example of

Back 38

Endocytosis

Front 39

Femoral vein found in

Back 39

Medial aspect of upper thigh

Front 40

Artery on underside of the tongue is

Back 40

Lingual

Front 41

Arteries do not have

Back 41

Valves

Front 42

Atrial distole describes the

Back 42

Relaxation of atria

Front 43

The cup shaped surface divisions of the ureter within the kidney are

Back 43

Calyces

Front 44

The fibrous outer membrane of kidney is

Back 44

Renal capsule

Front 45

Collecting duct empties into the

Back 45

Renal Pelvis

Front 46

Outer layer of kidney where renal corpuscles found

Back 46

Renal cortex

Front 47

Cone shaped masses that form the renal medulla

Back 47

Pyramid

Front 48

Blood vessel that arises directly from aorta and supplies kidney

Back 48

Renal artery

Front 49

Inner region of kidney where loop of henle is found

Back 49

Renal medulla

Front 50

Dent in the kidney where ureter and blood supply is attached

Back 50

Renal hilus

Front 51

Duct that transports urine from renal Pelvis to bladder

Back 51

Ureter

Front 52

Area where collecting ducts merge

Back 52

Renal crest

Front 53

Lymphatic system is made of (5)

Back 53

Capillaries nodes ducts vessels tissue

Front 54

Plasma proteins

Back 54

Albumin- osmotic concebtration

Fibrinogen & prothrombin - clotting

Immunoglobulins - antibodies

Front 55

Increased presence of neutrophils can mean presence of

Back 55

Infection

Front 56

Deceased amount of neutrophils can mean

Back 56

Viral presence

Front 57

Granulocytes are produced within - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Back 57

Bone marrow

Front 58

Eosinophils - - - - - - - - - - "histamine by secreting - - - - - - - -

They control - - - - - - - infection

Back 58

Inactive histamine

Enzymes

Parasitic

Front 59

Monocytes have a - - - - - - - - shaped nucleus

Back 59

Horseshoe

Front 60

Blood makes up - - - % of bodyweight and is ph---

Back 60

5-10%

pH7. 4

Front 61

The - - - - - - - - vein drains the intercostal region, runs through the thoracic cavity to empty into the junction of the vena cava and right atrium at a right angle

Back 61

Azygos

Front 62

The - - - - - - artery arises from the aorta in the abdomen and supplies the liver spleen and stomach

Back 62

Coeliac artery

Front 63

The latest artery in the body is the

Back 63

Aorta

Front 64

The latest artery in the body is the

Back 64

Aorta

Front 65

The largest vein in the body

Back 65

Vena cava

Front 66

The ----- ----- runs from the small intestine to the liver,taking absorbed nutrients directly to the liver

Back 66

Hepatic portal vein

Front 67

The --------- ------ is a continuation of the axillary artery on the medial aspect of the proximal forelimb

Back 67

Brachial artery

Front 68

The ------ artery rises from the brachiocephalic artery and runs through the neck towards the head

Back 68

Carotid

Front 69

The ------- vein is the only large superficial vein of the thoracic limb and lies on its dorsal aspect

Back 69

Cephalic

Front 70

The olfactory bulb is in the ------- part of the ---------

Back 70

Rostral part of the forebrain

Front 71

The olfactory bulb is in the ------- part of the ---------

Back 71

Rostral part of the forebrain

Front 72

The cerebrum contains --% of the neurons in the whole CNS

Back 72

90%

Front 73

The cerebellum lies on the ------ aspect of the ---------- and controls -------- & ------------------

Back 73

Dorsal aspect of the hind brain

Controls balance and coordination

Front 74

The pons contains centres that control -

Back 74

Respiration

Front 75

The medulla oblongata extends from the ---- and merges into the spinal chord

Controls ------------- and BP

Back 75

Pons

Respiration

Front 76

Neuroglial cells forming a protective barrier around blood capillaries to protect brain from chemicals but allows oxygen and glucose to pass

Back 76

Blood brain barrier

Front 77

The ------------ system is a series of interconnecting canals and cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid, provides nutrition for tissue and acts as shock absorber

Back 77

Ventricular system

Front 78

Chyle is

Back 78

Milky lymph produced in the lacteals after a meal

Front 79

2 functions of lymph nodes

Back 79

Filter lymph before returning to circulation to remove bacteria

Production of lymphocytes

Front 80

Lymph is made of --% water

Back 80

95%

Front 81

The right lymphatic duct drains

Back 81

Right side of the head beck thorax and forelimb

Front 82

Passive immunity is

Back 82

When the mother passes antibodies via the placenta to offspring or in the colostrum

May also happen by injection of antibodies or serum

Front 83

Active immunity is

Back 83

Acquired as a result of direct exposure to that particular antigen and body produces and antibody in response

Front 84

Sound waves pass through the ------ -------- and across the middle ear via the --------- --------

Back 84

Tympanic membrane

Auditory ossicles

Front 85

Sound waves move through -------- in the cochlear duct to be detected by the ------ -- -----

Back 85

Endolymph

Organ of corti

Front 86

Sensory hairs in the organ of corti react to different frequencies and impulses are then sent to the ------ via the ------------- -----

Back 86

Brain

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Front 87

As endolymph moves in the ---- ---------- ---- , sensory ----- detect the direction of movement and transmit impulses to nerve VIII

Back 87

Semi circular canals

Crista

Front 88

The base of the semi circular canals is called the ------

Back 88

Utricle

Front 89

The base of the semi circular canals is called the ------

Back 89

Utricle

Front 90

Further down from the utricle towards the cochlea is a sac called the ------

Back 90

Saccule

Front 91

The base of the semi circular canals is called the ------

Back 91

Utricle

Front 92

Further down from the utricle towards the cochlea is a sac called the ------

Back 92

Saccule

Front 93

Utricle and saccule contain sensory --------- which detect orientation

Back 93

Maculae

Front 94

Fluid surrounding the

Membranous labyrinth is

Back 94

Perilymph

Front 95

Sensory area in the cochlea is

Back 95

Organ of corti

Front 96

Sensory area in the cochlea is

Back 96

Organ of corti

Front 97

Bulge at the base of a semi circular canal

Back 97

Ampulla

Front 98

Sensory hairs in the ampulla

Back 98

Crista

Front 99

Fluid inside the

Membranous labyrinth

Back 99

Endolymph

Front 100

Fluid inside the

Membranous labyrinth

Back 100

Endolymph

Front 101

Sensory areas on the utricle and saccule

Back 101

Maculae

Front 102

Fluid inside the

Membranous labyrinth

Back 102

Endolymph

Front 103

Sensory areas on the utricle and saccule

Back 103

Maculae

Front 104

Base of the semicircular canals

Back 104

Utricle

Front 105

Vascular layer of the eye globe

Back 105

Choroid

Front 106

Vascular layer of the eye globe

Back 106

Choroid

Front 107

Collective name for the choroid iris and ciliary body

Back 107

Uvea

Front 108

Vascular layer of the eye globe

Back 108

Choroid

Front 109

Collective name for the choroid iris and ciliary body

Back 109

Uvea

Front 110

Convex structure that focuses light rays onto the retina

Back 110

Lens

Front 111

Vascular layer of the eye globe

Back 111

Choroid

Front 112

Collective name for the choroid iris and ciliary body

Back 112

Uvea

Front 113

Convex structure that focuses light rays onto the retina

Back 113

Lens

Front 114

Transparent surface at front of eye through which light passes

Back 114

Cornea

Front 115

The blind spot on the retina

Back 115

Optic disc

Front 116

The blind spot on the retina

Back 116

Optic disc

Front 117

Shiny inner surface of the choroid tape

Back 117

Tapetum

Front 118

The blind spot on the retina

Back 118

Optic disc

Front 119

Shiny inner surface of the choroid tape

Back 119

Tapetum

Front 120

Photosensitive Cells -

Colour:

Black and White :

Back 120

Colour - cones

Black and white -rods

Front 121

Hole in the centre of the iris

Back 121

Pupil

Front 122

Hole in the centre of the iris

Back 122

Pupil

Front 123

White fibrous protective later of the globe

Back 123

Sclera

Front 124

The - - - - - - artery arises from the aorta in the abdomen and supplies the liver spleen and stomach

Back 124

Coeliac artery

Front 125

The position of the

Kidney is described as

Back 125

Retroperitoneal

Front 126

Basin shaped centre of the kidney is called

Back 126

Pelvis

Front 127

Loop of henle is lined with

Back 127

Simple squamous epithelium

Front 128

Secretion of penicillin, reabsorption of glucose and reabsorption of water occur in

Back 128

Proximal convoluted tubule

Front 129

Aldosterone acts mainly on the -------- ------------ ------- and controls the reabsorption of ------

Back 129

Distal convoluted tubule

Sodium

Front 130

Normal urine contains

Back 130

Water salts and urea

Front 131

The right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation via the ------- -----

Back 131

Pulmonary artery

Front 132

The ----- ------ of the aorta transports oxygenated blood to the kidneys

Back 132

Renal artery

Front 133

The -------- ------- attach the mitral valve to the papillary muscle of the ventricular wall

Back 133

Chordae tendinae

Front 134

3 functions of the spleen

Back 134

Storage of blood

Destruction of worn out RBC

Production of lymphocytes

Front 135

Reflex that prevents over inflation of the lungs

Back 135

Hering-Breuer

Front 136

Chemoreceptors that monitor oxygen levels and pH of blood are in the

Back 136

Aortic and carotid bodies