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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why did Mendel use the pea plant to study genetics? |
They had easily observable traits |
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What is a recessive allele? |
Produces recessive phenotype when paired with another recessive allele |
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What is the overall purpose of mitotic cell division? |
For growth and replacement of cells |
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What is the diploid # of human cells? |
46 |
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What is the haploid number of human cells? |
23 |
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How is cytokinesis different in plant vs. Animal cells? |
Animal cells: divide by a cleavage furrow Plant cells: divide by a cell plate (eventually becomes a cell wall) |
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What is the overall purpose of meiosis? |
- allows sexual reproduction of diploid organisms - genetic diversity - aids the repair of genetic defects |
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How many cells are produced from meiosis? |
4 |
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When does meiosis crossing over occur? |
Between prophase 1 and metaphase 1 |
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What kind of chromosomes are involved in meiosis crossing? |
Homologous chromosomes |
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Significance of crossing over in meiosis: |
Creates new combinations of genes |
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What role does non disjunction play in Down Syndrome? |
Nondisjunction results in an embryo with three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two |
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Who discovered the chemical structure of DNA? |
James Watson and Francis Crick |
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What are the 3 components of a nucleotide? |
1. Deoxyribose sugar 2. Phosphate 3. One of the 4 bases (A, G, C, T) |
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How is a DNA finger print made? |
1. obtain a sample of cells, such as skin, hair, or blood cells, which contain DNA 2. DNA is extracted, treated with restriction enzymes |
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What can be cloned? Purpose? |
What: species Purpose: medical, protection of endangered species, research etc... |
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3 prenatal procedures: |
1. Amniocentesis: used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections (sample of amniotic fluid) 2. Ultrasound: look at organs and structures inside the body 3. Chorionic villus sampling: diagnoses chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome, as well as a host of other genetic disorders |
