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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three layers of the skin? |
epidermis dermis subcutaneous fat (panniculus) |
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What is the periderm? |
A layer of nonkeratinizing, cuboidal cells seen in the early fetus. |
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When do the first adnexal structures appear? |
The third month of fetal life. |
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What are the three basic cell types of the adult epidermis? |
keratinocytes melanocytes Langerhans Cells |
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Where are Merkel Cells found? |
In the basal layers of the palms, soles,oral and genital mucosa, nail bed and follicular infundibula. |
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Which cells produce keratin? |
Keratinocytes |
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What are the four zones of the epidermis? |
basal layer (stratum germinativum) prickle layer (stratum spinosum) granular layer (stratum granulosum) horny layer (stratum corneum) |
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Where is the stratum lucidum normally found? |
Above the granular layer on the palms and soles. |
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What is found in the intercellular space of the epidermis? |
glycoproteins lipids lamellar granules |
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What are two diseases in which abnormal lamellar granules are seen? |
lamellar ichthyosis Flegels hyperkeratosis |
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Which epidermal layer is absent in ichthyosis vulgaris? |
granular layer |
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Loss of function of what gene leads to red hair? |
MC1R |
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Destruction of melanocytes leads to what skin disease? |
Vitiligo |
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Defects in melanin synthesis lead to what disease? |
Albinism |
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Increase in production of pigment by cells with a near normal number of melanocytes leads to what lesion? |
Freckle or ephelide |
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Basilar hyperpigmentation and prominent melanin in the stratum corneum produces what lesions? |
Sunspots and ink spot lentigines |
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Benign proliferation of melanocytes leads to what lesion? |
Nevus |
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From where in the embryo are melanocytes derived? |
The neural crest. |
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What is the normal ratio of melanocytes to keratinocytes in non sun exposed areas? |
1:10
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What is the ratio of melanocytes to keratinocytes in sun exposed skin on the face, shins and genitalia? |
1:1 |
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What causes racial differences in skin color? |
Size and distribution of melanosomes. |
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What are pigment granules called? |
Melanosomes. |
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Where in the epidermis are Langerhans cells normally found? |
Stratum spinosum |
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What stain is specific for Langerhans cells? |
Gold chloride |
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Which immunostains can be used to stain Langerhans cells? |
CD1alpha S-106 |
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In which cells are Birbeck granules found? |
Langerhans cells |
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Where do Langerhans cells originate? |
The bone marrow. |
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Which epidermal cells function in the afferent limb of the immune response? |
Langerhans cells |
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Langerhans cells present antigens to what cells? |
T lymphocytes |
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Which cells make (IL)-12? |
Langerhans cells |
