• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/144

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

144 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)

Linoleic acid and


Linolenic acid

Two fatty acids essential in humans

Linoleic acid

Precursor of Arachidonic acid

Adrenal cortex

Aldosterone is secreted from?

Cholesterol

Precursor of vitamin D?

Oxidoreductase

Dehydrogenase is an example of which class of enzyme?

Zwitterions

Dipolar form of the amino acid

Simple proteins

Glutelins, globulins and albumin are called _____?

By increasing the concentration of the substrate

How to reverse the effect of a competitive inhibitor?

Seliwanoff's test

A test for fructose where a red precipitate indicates a (+) positive result.

Bile acids

Act as emulsifying agents in the intestines

Zymogens

Inactive form of enzymes

Apoenzymes

The protein portion of the holoenzyme

Holoenzyme

Enzyme with the cofactor is called ____

Rennin

It prevents the rapid passage of milk from the stomach.

Milk curdling enzyme in infants

60-90 mg per 100 mL of blood

Amount of glucose present in human blood

Mitochondria

Site of electron transport chain

Glucose

The end product of the hydrolysis of glycogen

Shrink

Hypertonic solutions will cause the cell to _____ ?

Insulin

Decreases the production of glucose by inhibiting gluconeogenesis and breakdown of glycogen.

Gene

The entire genetic makeup of an organism

HCl

Required in the activation of pepsinogen to pepsin

Pepsinogen

Inactive form of pepsin

Recombinant DNA

A synthetic DNA is called ?

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)

It is called as a high-energy phosphate compound.

Globular proteins

Albumin and Globulins are examples of what type of proteins?

Aerobic stage

At what stage of glucose oxidation is most of the energy produced?

Nucleotides

Ribonucleoside and Deoxyribonucleoside phosphates are called?

Essential for all cells. Without them, neither DNA nor RNA can be produced.

DNA

Responsible for the storage and transmission of genetic information

Water

The end product of ETC (electron transport chain)

Catabolic

Energy-producing reaction


a. metabolic


b. catabolic


c. anabolic

DNA

The molecule that directs the activity of the cells

Kreb's cycle

The common metabolic pathway

Choline

Rosenheim's test is used to detect the presence of _____?

Ninhydrin test

Detects the presence of a-amino acids with (+) blue color result.

Xanthoproteic test

Gives a (+) yellow color to tryptophan and tyrosine.

Millon-Nasse test

Test that gives a (+) deep red color to tyrosine

Hopkins-Cole test

Test that gives a (+) reddish violet color at the zone of contact of two fluids with tryptophan.

Iodine Absorption Test

In what test is Hubl's solution being used to ascertain degree of unsaturation?

Propenal

IUPAC name of Acrolein

Silver mirror in the test tube

Positive indication for the presence of glycerol in acrolein test

Osmic test

The test used to detect the presence of prosthetic groups in lipids.

Liebermann-Burchard test

The most sensitive chemical test to detect the presence of cholesterol.

Phospholipids

Plasmalogen, Lecithin, and Cephalin are examples of?

Phospholipids

These are lipids which on hydrolysis yield fatty acids, phosphoric acid and sometimes, glycerol and a nitrogenous base.

Sulfuric acid

Dehydration reagent in Molisch test

Blue

What color represents relatively unbranched chains in iodine test for the presence of glycogen?

Red

What color represents highly branched chains in iodine test for glycogen?

Osazones

These are yellow crystalline compounds formed when a solution of reducing sugar is heated with phenylhydrazine.

Pectins

These are colloidal carbohydrates which with the proper concentration of acid and of sugar form GELS.

Mucic acid

Specific test for galactose, due to the formation of highly insoluble crystals.

mRNA

5% of the RNA yet is by far the most heterogenous type of RNA in terms of size

Blue-green color

Positive indication for the Anthrone test

pH of the solution

The difference between Benedict's and Barfoed's test reagent.

Glucosamine and Acetic acid

Hydrolysis of chitin yield _______ and _______ on complete hydrolysis.

Acetylglucosamine is the hydrolytic product.

Reducing sugars

Alkaline bismuth reagent is used to detect the presence of?

Tautomerization

Action of dilute alkali on sugars.

Nucleoside

Pentose sugar to a


base (adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine) produces a _____?

Nucleotide

When a phosphate group is added to bases, it is now called a?

Shrink

Hypertonic solutions will cause the cell to _____ ?

Pepsin

The active proteolytic enzyme in gastric juice

Gastric juice

A unique solution containing HCl and the proenzyme Pepsinogen

37°C

Optimum temperature for enzyme activity in the body

Normal body temperature

Skeletal muscle and Liver

The main stores of glycogen in the body are found in the _____ & ______.

Cytosol

The process Glycogenesis


(glucose --> glycogen) occurs in the _____.

Acetyl CoA

Derived from the metabolism of fuel molecules such as amino acids, fatty acids and carbohydrates.

Citric Acid Cycle aka Krebs Cycle

Its central function is the oxidation of Acetyl CoA to CO2 and H20.

Pancreas

The gland or tissue that regulates the blood glucose level

Glucagon

Maintain blood glucose levels by activation of hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.

Transcription

The central dogma concept wherein the RNA molecule is used as template for the synthesis of DNA molecule

Cytoplasm

Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the ?

Ketogenic

Leucine, Tyrosine, and Phenylalanine are called ______ amino acids.

Osazone test

Kowarsky test is also known as ?

Sodium nitroprusside

Histidine is negative for ?

Glycogenolysis

Process of converting


liver glycogen ----> blood glucose

Glycogen

A branched-chain homopolysaccharide made exclusively from a-D-glucose.

DNA

Responsible for the transfer of genetic information

Ammonia

Only form of inorganic nitrogen which can be utilized by living cells

Urea

It is the major disposal form of amino groups.

Growth hormone

Somatotropin is also known as ?

Jaundice

It is also known as icterus.

Wobble

It allows a single tRNA to recognize more than one codon.

Transamination

The first step in the catabolism of most amino acids.

Aldehyde group

The reducing property of sugars is due to what group?

Galactose

Which monosaccharide is most rapidly absorbed from the small intestine?

Seliwanoff's test

Ketoses can be differentiated from aldoses by what test?

Cholesterol

Liebermann-Burchard and Salkowski test are clinical tests for the determination of ?

Benedict's test

The test for reducing sugars in urine.

Barfoed's test

Lactose can be differentiated from fructose by which test ?

Ribose & a base (CATUG)

Nucleosides upon hydrolysis will yield ______ & ________ ?

Stomach

Protein digestion starts in the ?

Small intestine

The conversion of beta carotene to vitamin A is carried out in the ?

Sucrose

It is called as "invert sugar"

Transport of oxygen

What is the biochemical function of hemoglobin ?

Porphyrins

Are cyclic compounds that readily bind to metal ions, usually Fe² or Fe³.

Involved in the building of blood

Heme

The prosthetic group for hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochromes.

Most prevalent metalloporphyrin humans

Nucleoproteins

Information and control centers of the cell

Histones

These are small proteins that are positively charged at physiologic pH due to their high content of lysine and arginine.

Hopkin's cole

This test detects the presence of Indole rings

Replication, Transcription, and Translation

The 3 steps of central dogma states

Central dogma

The flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein is termed as ?

Activation, initiation, elongation, and termination

The ordered steps in protein synthesis

Translation

The pathway of protein synthesis is called ?

Dextran

It is a polysaccharide produced by the action of certain bacteria on sucrose.

Xeroderma pigmentosum

A genetic disease due to defective mechanism for pyrimidine dimmers.

tRNA or Transfer RNA

Serves as adaptor molecules that carry specific amino acid to the site of protein synthesis

Smallest of the three major species of RNA molecules

Ribosomal RNA or rRNA

RNA which plays an important role in the structure and biosynthetic function of ribosome.

Peptide bond

Bond between two amino acids

Citrate

It provides a source of acetyl CoA for the cytosolic synthesis of fatty acids.

Cysteine

A-keratin is rich in what amino acid which produce fibers that are insoluble and resistant to stretching

Lactose

It is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose.

Linoleic acid

Which essential fatty acid is the dietary precursor of prostaglandins?

Tyrosine

Which amino acid is the precursor of melanin and epinephrine?

7.4 - 7.45

Normal pH of blood

HDL

Excellent acceptors of unesterified cholesterol.

Known as "good cholesterol"

Fibrous

Collagen, elastin, and keratin are called _________ proteins.

Globular proteins

Serum albumins, serum globulins, and hemoglobin are called ______ proteins.

Sickle cell anemia

An inherited disease that affect RBCs

Vitamin D3

7-dehydrocholesterol is the precursor of ?

Also known as Cholecalciferol

Mitochondria

Aerobic reactions take place where ?

Cytoplasm

Anaerobic reactions take place where ?

Actin and Myosin

What are the 2 major muscle proteins ?

Myosin

It contributes 55% of muscle protein by weight and forms the thick filaments.

Hyaluronic acid

The main constituent of the group substance in the connective tissue

Hyaluronic acid

The main constituent of the group substance in the connective tissue

Raffinose

Also called as melitose or melitriose.

A trisaccharide found in cottonseed, australian manna, and molasses obtained in the preparation of beet sugar.

Glycine

Amino acid that is an important precursor of hemoglobin?

Peptide bonds

Are amide linkages between the a-carboxyl group of one amino acid and the a-amino group of another, in proteins.

Alanine

Gamma decarboxylation of aspartic acid.

Lysine

It is an amino acid with a basic side chain capable of accepting protons.

Sickle cell anemia

It is the clinical manifestation of homozygous genes for an abnormal hemoglobin molecule.

Dextrins

Substances formed in hydrolytic breakdown of starch.

Butyric acid

Butter becomes rancid upon exposure to air due to formation of ?

A steroid

The cholesterol molecule is ?

Hypophysis

Endocrine gland that is a small oval body situated at the base of the brain

Lactic acid

This substance accumulates in the muscles as a result of vigorous exercise

Serum

Separates from cells when blood is coagulated

Blood clotting

Sodium citrate can prevent what ?

Pellagra

Nicotinic acid/Niacin deficiency causes ____ ?

Biuret test

This test detects the presence of two or more peptide bonds

Lactate

The end product of anaerobic glycolysis in eukaryotic cells.

Fats / -glycerides

Are esters of fatty acids with glycerol

Pancreatic juice

Trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, carboxypeptidase, pancreatic amylase, and lipase are the enzymes found in _________ juice.

Kidney malfunction

Any rise in blood creatinine is a sensitive indicator of _______ malfunction

Epinephrine and glucagons

2 hormones that promote rapid glycogenolysis in liver and muscle