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144 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Linoleic acid and Linolenic acid |
Two fatty acids essential in humans |
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Linoleic acid |
Precursor of Arachidonic acid |
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Adrenal cortex |
Aldosterone is secreted from? |
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Cholesterol |
Precursor of vitamin D? |
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Oxidoreductase |
Dehydrogenase is an example of which class of enzyme? |
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Zwitterions |
Dipolar form of the amino acid |
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Simple proteins |
Glutelins, globulins and albumin are called _____? |
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By increasing the concentration of the substrate |
How to reverse the effect of a competitive inhibitor? |
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Seliwanoff's test |
A test for fructose where a red precipitate indicates a (+) positive result. |
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Bile acids |
Act as emulsifying agents in the intestines |
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Zymogens |
Inactive form of enzymes |
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Apoenzymes |
The protein portion of the holoenzyme |
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Holoenzyme |
Enzyme with the cofactor is called ____ |
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Rennin |
It prevents the rapid passage of milk from the stomach. |
Milk curdling enzyme in infants |
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60-90 mg per 100 mL of blood |
Amount of glucose present in human blood |
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Mitochondria |
Site of electron transport chain |
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Glucose |
The end product of the hydrolysis of glycogen |
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Shrink |
Hypertonic solutions will cause the cell to _____ ? |
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Insulin |
Decreases the production of glucose by inhibiting gluconeogenesis and breakdown of glycogen. |
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Gene |
The entire genetic makeup of an organism |
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HCl |
Required in the activation of pepsinogen to pepsin |
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Pepsinogen |
Inactive form of pepsin |
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Recombinant DNA |
A synthetic DNA is called ? |
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ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) |
It is called as a high-energy phosphate compound. |
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Globular proteins |
Albumin and Globulins are examples of what type of proteins? |
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Aerobic stage |
At what stage of glucose oxidation is most of the energy produced? |
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Nucleotides |
Ribonucleoside and Deoxyribonucleoside phosphates are called? |
Essential for all cells. Without them, neither DNA nor RNA can be produced. |
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DNA |
Responsible for the storage and transmission of genetic information |
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Water |
The end product of ETC (electron transport chain) |
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Catabolic |
Energy-producing reaction a. metabolic b. catabolic c. anabolic |
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DNA |
The molecule that directs the activity of the cells |
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Kreb's cycle |
The common metabolic pathway |
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Choline |
Rosenheim's test is used to detect the presence of _____? |
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Ninhydrin test |
Detects the presence of a-amino acids with (+) blue color result. |
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Xanthoproteic test |
Gives a (+) yellow color to tryptophan and tyrosine. |
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Millon-Nasse test |
Test that gives a (+) deep red color to tyrosine |
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Hopkins-Cole test |
Test that gives a (+) reddish violet color at the zone of contact of two fluids with tryptophan. |
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Iodine Absorption Test |
In what test is Hubl's solution being used to ascertain degree of unsaturation? |
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Propenal |
IUPAC name of Acrolein |
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Silver mirror in the test tube |
Positive indication for the presence of glycerol in acrolein test |
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Osmic test |
The test used to detect the presence of prosthetic groups in lipids. |
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Liebermann-Burchard test |
The most sensitive chemical test to detect the presence of cholesterol. |
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Phospholipids |
Plasmalogen, Lecithin, and Cephalin are examples of? |
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Phospholipids |
These are lipids which on hydrolysis yield fatty acids, phosphoric acid and sometimes, glycerol and a nitrogenous base. |
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Sulfuric acid |
Dehydration reagent in Molisch test |
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Blue |
What color represents relatively unbranched chains in iodine test for the presence of glycogen? |
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Red |
What color represents highly branched chains in iodine test for glycogen? |
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Osazones |
These are yellow crystalline compounds formed when a solution of reducing sugar is heated with phenylhydrazine. |
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Pectins |
These are colloidal carbohydrates which with the proper concentration of acid and of sugar form GELS. |
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Mucic acid |
Specific test for galactose, due to the formation of highly insoluble crystals. |
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mRNA |
5% of the RNA yet is by far the most heterogenous type of RNA in terms of size |
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Blue-green color |
Positive indication for the Anthrone test |
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pH of the solution |
The difference between Benedict's and Barfoed's test reagent. |
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Glucosamine and Acetic acid |
Hydrolysis of chitin yield _______ and _______ on complete hydrolysis. |
Acetylglucosamine is the hydrolytic product. |
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Reducing sugars |
Alkaline bismuth reagent is used to detect the presence of? |
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Tautomerization |
Action of dilute alkali on sugars. |
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Nucleoside |
Pentose sugar to a base (adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine) produces a _____? |
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Nucleotide |
When a phosphate group is added to bases, it is now called a? |
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Shrink |
Hypertonic solutions will cause the cell to _____ ? |
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Pepsin |
The active proteolytic enzyme in gastric juice |
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Gastric juice |
A unique solution containing HCl and the proenzyme Pepsinogen |
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37°C |
Optimum temperature for enzyme activity in the body |
Normal body temperature |
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Skeletal muscle and Liver |
The main stores of glycogen in the body are found in the _____ & ______. |
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Cytosol |
The process Glycogenesis (glucose --> glycogen) occurs in the _____. |
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Acetyl CoA |
Derived from the metabolism of fuel molecules such as amino acids, fatty acids and carbohydrates. |
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Citric Acid Cycle aka Krebs Cycle |
Its central function is the oxidation of Acetyl CoA to CO2 and H20. |
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Pancreas |
The gland or tissue that regulates the blood glucose level |
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Glucagon |
Maintain blood glucose levels by activation of hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. |
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Transcription |
The central dogma concept wherein the RNA molecule is used as template for the synthesis of DNA molecule |
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Cytoplasm |
Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the ? |
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Ketogenic |
Leucine, Tyrosine, and Phenylalanine are called ______ amino acids. |
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Osazone test |
Kowarsky test is also known as ? |
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Sodium nitroprusside |
Histidine is negative for ? |
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Glycogenolysis |
Process of converting liver glycogen ----> blood glucose |
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Glycogen |
A branched-chain homopolysaccharide made exclusively from a-D-glucose. |
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DNA |
Responsible for the transfer of genetic information |
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Ammonia |
Only form of inorganic nitrogen which can be utilized by living cells |
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Urea |
It is the major disposal form of amino groups. |
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Growth hormone |
Somatotropin is also known as ? |
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Jaundice |
It is also known as icterus. |
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Wobble |
It allows a single tRNA to recognize more than one codon. |
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Transamination |
The first step in the catabolism of most amino acids. |
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Aldehyde group |
The reducing property of sugars is due to what group? |
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Galactose |
Which monosaccharide is most rapidly absorbed from the small intestine? |
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Seliwanoff's test |
Ketoses can be differentiated from aldoses by what test? |
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Cholesterol |
Liebermann-Burchard and Salkowski test are clinical tests for the determination of ? |
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Benedict's test |
The test for reducing sugars in urine. |
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Barfoed's test |
Lactose can be differentiated from fructose by which test ? |
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Ribose & a base (CATUG) |
Nucleosides upon hydrolysis will yield ______ & ________ ? |
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Stomach |
Protein digestion starts in the ? |
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Small intestine |
The conversion of beta carotene to vitamin A is carried out in the ? |
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Sucrose |
It is called as "invert sugar" |
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Transport of oxygen |
What is the biochemical function of hemoglobin ? |
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Porphyrins |
Are cyclic compounds that readily bind to metal ions, usually Fe² or Fe³. |
Involved in the building of blood |
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Heme |
The prosthetic group for hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochromes. |
Most prevalent metalloporphyrin humans |
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Nucleoproteins |
Information and control centers of the cell |
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Histones |
These are small proteins that are positively charged at physiologic pH due to their high content of lysine and arginine. |
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Hopkin's cole |
This test detects the presence of Indole rings |
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Replication, Transcription, and Translation |
The 3 steps of central dogma states |
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Central dogma |
The flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein is termed as ? |
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Activation, initiation, elongation, and termination |
The ordered steps in protein synthesis |
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Translation |
The pathway of protein synthesis is called ? |
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Dextran |
It is a polysaccharide produced by the action of certain bacteria on sucrose. |
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Xeroderma pigmentosum |
A genetic disease due to defective mechanism for pyrimidine dimmers. |
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tRNA or Transfer RNA |
Serves as adaptor molecules that carry specific amino acid to the site of protein synthesis |
Smallest of the three major species of RNA molecules |
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Ribosomal RNA or rRNA |
RNA which plays an important role in the structure and biosynthetic function of ribosome. |
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Peptide bond |
Bond between two amino acids |
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Citrate |
It provides a source of acetyl CoA for the cytosolic synthesis of fatty acids. |
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Cysteine |
A-keratin is rich in what amino acid which produce fibers that are insoluble and resistant to stretching |
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Lactose |
It is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose. |
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Linoleic acid |
Which essential fatty acid is the dietary precursor of prostaglandins? |
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Tyrosine |
Which amino acid is the precursor of melanin and epinephrine? |
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7.4 - 7.45 |
Normal pH of blood |
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HDL |
Excellent acceptors of unesterified cholesterol. |
Known as "good cholesterol" |
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Fibrous |
Collagen, elastin, and keratin are called _________ proteins. |
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Globular proteins |
Serum albumins, serum globulins, and hemoglobin are called ______ proteins. |
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Sickle cell anemia |
An inherited disease that affect RBCs |
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Vitamin D3 |
7-dehydrocholesterol is the precursor of ? |
Also known as Cholecalciferol |
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Mitochondria |
Aerobic reactions take place where ? |
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Cytoplasm |
Anaerobic reactions take place where ? |
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Actin and Myosin |
What are the 2 major muscle proteins ? |
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Myosin |
It contributes 55% of muscle protein by weight and forms the thick filaments. |
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Hyaluronic acid |
The main constituent of the group substance in the connective tissue |
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Hyaluronic acid |
The main constituent of the group substance in the connective tissue |
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Raffinose |
Also called as melitose or melitriose. |
A trisaccharide found in cottonseed, australian manna, and molasses obtained in the preparation of beet sugar. |
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Glycine |
Amino acid that is an important precursor of hemoglobin? |
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Peptide bonds |
Are amide linkages between the a-carboxyl group of one amino acid and the a-amino group of another, in proteins. |
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Alanine |
Gamma decarboxylation of aspartic acid. |
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Lysine |
It is an amino acid with a basic side chain capable of accepting protons. |
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Sickle cell anemia |
It is the clinical manifestation of homozygous genes for an abnormal hemoglobin molecule. |
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Dextrins |
Substances formed in hydrolytic breakdown of starch. |
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Butyric acid |
Butter becomes rancid upon exposure to air due to formation of ? |
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A steroid |
The cholesterol molecule is ? |
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Hypophysis |
Endocrine gland that is a small oval body situated at the base of the brain |
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Lactic acid |
This substance accumulates in the muscles as a result of vigorous exercise |
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Serum |
Separates from cells when blood is coagulated |
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Blood clotting |
Sodium citrate can prevent what ? |
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Pellagra |
Nicotinic acid/Niacin deficiency causes ____ ? |
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Biuret test |
This test detects the presence of two or more peptide bonds |
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Lactate |
The end product of anaerobic glycolysis in eukaryotic cells. |
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Fats / -glycerides |
Are esters of fatty acids with glycerol |
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Pancreatic juice |
Trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, carboxypeptidase, pancreatic amylase, and lipase are the enzymes found in _________ juice. |
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Kidney malfunction |
Any rise in blood creatinine is a sensitive indicator of _______ malfunction |
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Epinephrine and glucagons |
2 hormones that promote rapid glycogenolysis in liver and muscle |
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