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91 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
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governments in the 17th century
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increased state spending, especialy on armies
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Which of the following is a characteristic of an absolute state?
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Permanent standing armies
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In an absolutist state, sovereignty is vested in the monarch alone; representative assemblies, in theory, have no place
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The foundation for French absolutism was laid by
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Richelieu
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Henry did not attempt to rule with absolute power.
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The French army under Louis XIV
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had an ambulance corps to care for the troops.
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Critical to the maintenance of a permanent standing army was the institution of a rational system of recruitment, training and promotion.
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Under Louis XIV, the Edict of Nantes
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Was revoked
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this edict concerned religion.
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Charles I's attempt to rule without consulting Parliament
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Led to distrust and, eventually, civil war
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though some emigrated, others remained in England. Review
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In 1596, 1607, 1627, 1647, and 1680, the Spanish crown declared
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Bankruptcy
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although Spain fought frequent wars, these years were known for other events.
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Who among the following was a proponent of the idea that the purpose of government is to protect life, liberty, and property?
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John Locke
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Thomas Hobbes in his Leviathan had argued that sovereignty derived from the people who transferred it to the monarch by implicit contract; the monarch then had absolute power
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Which area of Europe offered the greatest degree of religious toleration in the 17th c.?
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The United Provinces of the Netherlands
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England offered little official toleration
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Thomas Cromwell . . .
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assisted in the reorganization of the government which enhanced Henry VIII's power during the 1530s
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Thomas Cranmer served as . . .
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the Archbishop of Canterbury
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Thomas More . . .
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was out of favor and was executed for treason concerning Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn
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William Cecil . . .
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was an aid to Elizabeth I at the end of the 16th century
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Descartes
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argued that the reality of God was essential to his concept of the universe; discover coordinate or analytical geometry, develop the science of optics, used "cogito ergo sum"(i think therefore i am) as his starting place, and contended that his dualism was the link between the physical and spiritual worlds.
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Austria was attacked twice during the period from 1660 to 1685 by . . .
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France and the Ottoman Empire
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The Reform Bills of 1832, 1867, and 1884-85 in Great Britain
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development of democracy in Great Britain. extending the vote to most men over the age of 21.
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The Thermidorean Reaction of July 1794
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terminated the Reign of Terror and led to the execution of Robespierre.
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National Assembly was dissolved
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1791 when the Legislative Assembly was formed
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Leopold von Ranke
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19th century German historian,
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Edward Gibbon
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"The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire"
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englishman
contributor to the Enlightenment |
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Scots David Hume
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"History of England and many works in philosophy"
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contributor to the Enlightenment
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Adam Smith
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"Wealth of Nations"
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contributor to the Enlightenment
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Benjamin Franklin
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major force in the American revolution; a multi-faceted genius of the Enlightenment.
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contributor to the Enlightenment
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The Congress of Vienna
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concluded the wars of the Napoleonic era
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The Peace of Utrecht (1713)
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concluded the War of the Spanish Succession
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ended ___ war
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the Congress of Berlin (1878
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terminated the Russo-Turkish War of 1877_78
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ended ___ war
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The Peace of Westphalia
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closed the Thirty Years' War
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ended ____ war
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the Peace of Paris (1856
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ended the Crimean War.
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ended _____ war
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The Decembrist Revolution of 1825
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Russia
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Charles Fourier, Robert Dawn, and Claude Saint-Simon
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pre-Marxist socialists/Utopian Socialists
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opposed to capitalism.
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Pierre Proudhon
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"What is Property?"
Anarchism was introduced |
opposed to capitalism.
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Marx and Engels developed
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Scientific Socialism, or Marxism
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opposed to capitalism.
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'revisionists'
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Marxists who differ with one or more of the basic Marxian notions
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opposed to capitalism.
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The Frankfurt Assembly
(1849-50) |
a Pan-German assembly interested in the formulation of an integrated union of German states;
;interested in the Kleindeutsch (Small Germany) |
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The New Economic Plan (NEP)
(1921) |
Lenin's plan to revitalize the Russian economy after the Russian Civil War
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Stalin's first economic plan
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the first Five-Year Plan; it resulted in a long-term commitment to collectivization and the expansion of Russian heavy industry.
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Oscar Wilde
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"Portrait of Dorian Gray "
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Thomas Mann
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"Death in Venice "
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John Kay's "flying shuttle"
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made during the 18th century
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The Treaty of Rome (1957)
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established the European Economic Community; The European Economic Community will expand to include most of the western European nations.
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The Vienna Summit (1961)
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between Kennedy and Krushchev focused on nuclear test ban negotiations and the war in Laos.
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Cuban Missle Crisis
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1962
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NATO
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established in 1949
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Denis Diderot
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"Encyclopedia"
centered primarily on technology |
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Robert Walpole
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first Prime Minister of Great Britain; initiated the Cabinet system of government between 1721 and 1740
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the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
1789 |
"Men are born, and always continue free and equal in respect of their rights. Civil distinctions, therefore, can be found only on public utility."
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The English Bill of Rights (1689)
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a consequence of the Glorious Revolution which resulted in William and Mary coming to power
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The Constitution of the Year III (1795)
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established the Directory in France; it was a government which was advised by experts or intellectuals
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John Major replaced _________ __________ as Great Britain's Prime Minister
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Margaret Thatcher
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Hellenism
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Greek culture
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The Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 showed
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The essential conservatism of the Soviet regime & The Soviet regime's desire to preserve the political status quo
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In the 1960s and 1970s, the U.S.S.R. witnessed
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A "social revolution while Brezhnev slept" & Urbanization of its population & Growth of a technological intelligentsia
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The site of the first successful anti-communist movement was
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Poland
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The "velvet divorce" refers to
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the division of Czechoslovakia into two states.
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Glasnost and perestroika were advocated by
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Mikhail Gorbachev
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The revolutions of 1989 led to
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The downfall of the Soviet block
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The leader of the revolution in Czechoslovakia was
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Václav Havel
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By declaring Russia independent form the old Soviet Union, Yeltsin caused
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Gorbachev's job to disappear.
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The person most responsible for the "ethnic cleansing" war in Bosnia was
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Slobadan Milosevic
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the revolutions of 1989 were largely peaceful everywhere but
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Rumania
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East German advocates of a "third way" sought
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A version of socialism that avoided Stalinism as well as capitalism
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The U.S. went to war against Iraq in 1991 because
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Iraq's invasion of Kuwait
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The newly united Germany
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Would be the strongest state in central Europe & Could, in theory, threaten Soviet security & Affirmed its commitment to peace and a ban on developing weapons of mass destruction
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The 1990s witnessed
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The emergence of neo-liberal, free market capitalism
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Many historians see the 1990s as ushering in
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A resurgence of nationalism
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For the most part, Russia accepted independence for Soviet successor states, with the exception of
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Chechnya
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For most of the 1990s, the Russian economy
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Declined seriously
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With the fall of communism, NATO
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Began to admit former communist adversaries to membership
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Beginning in 2001, Slobodan Milosevic faced
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Trial for crimes against humanity
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The Maastricht treaty
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Set up the European monetary union
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In the late 20th - early 21st c., Europe faces
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High unemployment, especially in the former East Germany & A declining population
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By equality and human rights, 18th-c. liberalism actually meant
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Freedom from government control and, for men, equal opportunity to own property
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they were not generally democrats
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The bourgeoisie was
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The prosperous middle class
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The French Jacobins were
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revolutionary radicals
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the émigres
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The aristocrats who fled France
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The French National Assembly was established by
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the middle class of the Third Estate
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The immediate cause of the American Revolution
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taxes
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In 1789 the influential Abbé Sieyès wrote a pamphlet in which he argued that France should be ruled by the
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people. his famous pamphlet What is the Third Estate?
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Classic liberalism is best exemplified by
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The American Constitution and Bill of Rights
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In the first stage of the Revolution the French established
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a constitutional monarchy.
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The country most influenced by the American revolution was
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France
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Which of the following had an impact on France right before its revolution?
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The experiences of the French soldiers who had fought on the American side & France's need to borrow money to aid the American cause & France's outdated system of taxation
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Prior to the revolution, the church in France owned about
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105127140f the land
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it owned less
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Americans objected to the Stamp Act because the tax it proposed
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was imposed without their consent.
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Louis XVI's summoning of the Estates General in 1788 was stunning because
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The Estates had not met since 1614.
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Which of the following was a cause of the outbreak of revolution in France in 1789?
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The demand of the nobility for greater power and influence
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The Third Estates' representatives at the Estates-General were selected by
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Election by most adult male commoners
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women could not vote
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The French Revolution took place at a time of
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famine and unemployment
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The Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis ended
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The Habsburg-Valois wars
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The earliest known European explorers of North America was
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the Vikings
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Which of the following statements describes a feature of Spanish colonial policy?
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The New World was divided into four viceroyalties
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