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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Describe the major symptoms/signs of restrictive lung disease
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1. Dyspnoea
2. Tachypnoea 3. End-inspiratory crackles 4. Eventual cyanosis 5. No wheezing (or other evidence of airways obstruction) |
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What are the 3 characteristic physiological features of restrictive lung disease?
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Reduced ...
1. ... carbon monoxide diffusing capacity 2. ... lung volume 3. ... compliance |
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What might you expect to find on a CXR in infiltrative lung disease?
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Bilateral infiltrative lesions, in the form of
1. ... small nodules 2. ... irregular lines 3. ... ground-glass shadows |
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Broadly, what are the 3 stages of interstitial lung disease?
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1. Initial injury
2. Inflammation/fibrosis of pulmonary CT 3. Scarring and gross destruction of the lung (honeycomb lung) |
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What are the 5 categories Robbins divides interstitial lung disease into?
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1. Fibrosing
2. Granulomatous 3. Eosinophilic 4. Smoking related 5. Other (pulmonary alveolar proteinosis) |
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What are 6 types of fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD)?
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Two of unknown etiology:
1. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) 2. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia Two associated with other illness: 3. Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia 4. ILD associated with connective tissue diseases Two associated with known insults to the lung: 5. Pneumoconiosis 6. Complications of therapy |
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What is the name for the pathologic pattern of patchy interstitial fibrosis around edges, progressing to honeycomb lung?
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This is usual interstitial pneumonia, or UIP.
It is seen in several of these conditions, but is the hallmark of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. |
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What are the important clinical differences between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia?
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Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia often occurs in younger patients, and is associated with a better prognosis.
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Loose fibrous tissue plugs, with normal underlying lung, is characteristic of which disorder?
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Cryptogenic organising pneumonia, AKA BOOP.
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Hyalinised whorls of collagen, without notable inflammation, are characteristic of which disorder?
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Silicosis.
Name some occupational risk factors for silicosis. |
It is the most prevalent chronic occupational disease in the world. Mining/quarrying (gold, tin, copper, coal), sandblasting, metal grinding, and ceramics manufacture.
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What are the symptoms of anthracosis, and simple and complicated coal worker's pneumoconiosis?
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Anthracosis: asymptomatic.
Simple CWP: cough & blackish sputum Complicated CWP: disabling respiratory insufficiency What are the histological changes? |
Anthracosis: accumulations of carbon
Simple CWP: above + coal macules (aggregates of coal-laden macrophages) Complicated CWP: above + severe fibrosis and scarring |
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Case study:
You are sitting an exam. A question about sarcoidosis arises. What are 4 keywords you might mention? |
Clinical:
1. Organomegaly Pathology 2. Noncaseating granulomas 3. Schaumann bodies 4. Asteroid bodies |
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What are some examples of hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
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Hypersensitivity pneumonitis conditions include farmer's lung, pigeon breeder's lung, humidifier/air conditioner lung, and many more.
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These are hypersensitivity reactions, so they're marked by:
- bronchiolocentric interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis - noncaseating granulomas Coal-workers pneumoconiosis is a fibrosing disease |
