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21 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
1. What is the periodontium?
Tissues that invert the teeth

1. Gingiva
2. Cementum
3. Periodontal ligament
4. Alveolar and supporting bone
5. Alveolar mucosa
2. Functions of healthy gingiva?
1. Support
-dentogingival junction

2. Esthetics

3. Protection
-keratinzied epithelium

4. Phonetics
3. What is the function of the periodontal ligament?
Attach cementum of the tooth to the alveolar bony sockets

PDL (w/ insertion into bone) provides the majority of support for the teeth and resistance to forces (such as chewing)
4. What is the earliest indication of gingivitis?
Inflammatory cells at microscopic level and breakdown of CT (collagen)
5. What is mild gingivitis?

What is moderate or severe gingivitis characterized by?
Slight redness; rolled, swollen margins; smooth and shiny surface texture (loss of stippling); and loss of resiliency

Bleeding upon probing
6. What happens in periodontitis?
Inflammatory breakdown extends from the gingiva to the PDL and bone

Junctional epithelium migrates apically onto the root
7. What is the most common form of periodontal disease?

What is another form of periodontal disease?
Chronic periodontitis

Aggressive periodontitis (earlier age onset)
8. What is the size and shape of papillae, margins, and scallops of not normal or disease gingiva?
Papillae: blunted, bulbous, cratered

Margins: rolled (thickened) in profile

Scallops: flattened, exaggerated, reversed, clefted
9. Where does breakdown of the periodontium resulting in attachment loss and bone loss usually begin?
In inaccessible areas
-adjacent to root concavity
-exposed furcation
10. What is gingival recession?
Loss of gingival tissue (usu w/ underlying loss of bone) resulting in the exposure of more root surface

Gingival margin is apical to CEJ

Papillae may be blunted or rounded and no longer fills interdental papillae
11. What contributes to gingival recession?

(4 things)
1. Poorly aligned teeth

2. Lack of attached gingiva

3. Aggressive tooth brushing

4. Thin periodontal tissue
12. What is exostoses?

What is root dehiscence?
Very thick ledges of bone

An isolated area of tooth root denuded of its bony covering
13. Why may teeth become mobile?

How wides is the healthy PDL?
Repeated excessive occlusal forces, inflammation, and weakened periodontal support

0.2 mm
(wider at cervix and apex of root)
14. What is fremitus?

When does functional mobility occur?
Vibration of a tooth during occlusal contact

Biting stress mobility occurs when teeth move other teeth during occlusal function
15. What is probing depth?
Distance from the gingival margin to the apical portion of the gingival sulcus

Normally 1 to 3 mm
16. What is a pseudopocket?

What is the critical determinant of whether periodontitis has occurred?
Reading of 4mm or greater even in the absence of periodontitis

Presence of attachment loss
17. Where are readings taken during probing?
3 buccal and 3 lingual readings at

1. Mesial interproximal

2. Midbuccal (midlingual)

3. Distal interproximal
18. Where is a healthy young persons gingival margin level?

What denotes gingival margin levels?
Coronal to the CEJ

If apical to CEJ, there's gingival recession and root is exposed

(-) #'s : gingiva is coronal to CEJ
(0) : gingiva is at CEJ
(+)#'s : gingiva is apical to CEJ (recession)
19. What is clinical attachment level?

How do you obtain it?
Distance from CEJ to the apical extent (depth) of the periodontal sulcus

**indicates how much support has been lost

Add probing depth and gingival margin level measurements
20. What are the 3 categories of furcation involvement?
1. Grade I: incipient
-no real bone or attachment loss

2. Grade II: moderate
-definite bone loss or attachment

3. Grade III: through and through
-complete bone loss
21. How do concavities and other root curvatures increase periodontal support?
1. Augment the total surface area

2. Concave configuration provides multidirectional fiber orientations which makes the tooth more stable and resistant to occlusal force