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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1. What is the periodontium?
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Tissues that invert the teeth
1. Gingiva 2. Cementum 3. Periodontal ligament 4. Alveolar and supporting bone 5. Alveolar mucosa |
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2. Functions of healthy gingiva?
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1. Support
-dentogingival junction 2. Esthetics 3. Protection -keratinzied epithelium 4. Phonetics |
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3. What is the function of the periodontal ligament?
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Attach cementum of the tooth to the alveolar bony sockets
PDL (w/ insertion into bone) provides the majority of support for the teeth and resistance to forces (such as chewing) |
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4. What is the earliest indication of gingivitis?
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Inflammatory cells at microscopic level and breakdown of CT (collagen)
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5. What is mild gingivitis?
What is moderate or severe gingivitis characterized by? |
Slight redness; rolled, swollen margins; smooth and shiny surface texture (loss of stippling); and loss of resiliency
Bleeding upon probing |
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6. What happens in periodontitis?
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Inflammatory breakdown extends from the gingiva to the PDL and bone
Junctional epithelium migrates apically onto the root |
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7. What is the most common form of periodontal disease?
What is another form of periodontal disease? |
Chronic periodontitis
Aggressive periodontitis (earlier age onset) |
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8. What is the size and shape of papillae, margins, and scallops of not normal or disease gingiva?
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Papillae: blunted, bulbous, cratered
Margins: rolled (thickened) in profile Scallops: flattened, exaggerated, reversed, clefted |
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9. Where does breakdown of the periodontium resulting in attachment loss and bone loss usually begin?
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In inaccessible areas
-adjacent to root concavity -exposed furcation |
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10. What is gingival recession?
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Loss of gingival tissue (usu w/ underlying loss of bone) resulting in the exposure of more root surface
Gingival margin is apical to CEJ Papillae may be blunted or rounded and no longer fills interdental papillae |
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11. What contributes to gingival recession?
(4 things) |
1. Poorly aligned teeth
2. Lack of attached gingiva 3. Aggressive tooth brushing 4. Thin periodontal tissue |
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12. What is exostoses?
What is root dehiscence? |
Very thick ledges of bone
An isolated area of tooth root denuded of its bony covering |
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13. Why may teeth become mobile?
How wides is the healthy PDL? |
Repeated excessive occlusal forces, inflammation, and weakened periodontal support
0.2 mm (wider at cervix and apex of root) |
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14. What is fremitus?
When does functional mobility occur? |
Vibration of a tooth during occlusal contact
Biting stress mobility occurs when teeth move other teeth during occlusal function |
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15. What is probing depth?
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Distance from the gingival margin to the apical portion of the gingival sulcus
Normally 1 to 3 mm |
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16. What is a pseudopocket?
What is the critical determinant of whether periodontitis has occurred? |
Reading of 4mm or greater even in the absence of periodontitis
Presence of attachment loss |
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17. Where are readings taken during probing?
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3 buccal and 3 lingual readings at
1. Mesial interproximal 2. Midbuccal (midlingual) 3. Distal interproximal |
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18. Where is a healthy young persons gingival margin level?
What denotes gingival margin levels? |
Coronal to the CEJ
If apical to CEJ, there's gingival recession and root is exposed (-) #'s : gingiva is coronal to CEJ (0) : gingiva is at CEJ (+)#'s : gingiva is apical to CEJ (recession) |
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19. What is clinical attachment level?
How do you obtain it? |
Distance from CEJ to the apical extent (depth) of the periodontal sulcus
**indicates how much support has been lost Add probing depth and gingival margin level measurements |
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20. What are the 3 categories of furcation involvement?
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1. Grade I: incipient
-no real bone or attachment loss 2. Grade II: moderate -definite bone loss or attachment 3. Grade III: through and through -complete bone loss |
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21. How do concavities and other root curvatures increase periodontal support?
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1. Augment the total surface area
2. Concave configuration provides multidirectional fiber orientations which makes the tooth more stable and resistant to occlusal force |