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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Reticular activating system
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controlled by CNS, controls wakefulness
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Bulbar synchronizing region
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controls sleepiness
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Two stages of sleep
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REM and Non-Rem
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Elderly REM
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Elderly have less Stage 4 & REM sleep,May take longer to fall asleep,May have safety issues
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Purpose of Sleep
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restoration for next cycle,hormone release for repair and renewal of cells during Non-REM sleep, REM important for cognitive function
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Beta-blockers and sleep
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can interfere with sleep cycle and cause nightmares, insomnia, wakefulness due to increased h/r and bp.
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Factors Affecting Sleep
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Illness (pain, nausea, vomiting, emotional distress and dyspnea), Drugs/substances (caffeine, alcohol, prescription drugs), Life Style (shift work etc),Stress,environment,Exercise and fatigue,Food and caloric intake
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Sleep Disorder
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conditions that if left untreated result in disturbed nightime sleep and associated disorders
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Polysomnogram
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diagnostic tool for sleep disorders
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Insomnia (3 Types)
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Chronic difficulty falling asleep, Frequent awakenings, Short or non-restorative sleep
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Sleep Apnea
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disorder where person cannot sleep and breathe at same time, cessation of respirations from 10 seconds to one to two minutes with 10 - 100 events per night.
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Types of Sleep Apnea
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Obstructive (most common, muscles of oral cavity and throat relax during sleep and obstruct airway.Central Sleep Apnea(results from dysfunction of brain's respiratory control center)
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Parasomnias
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Sleep disorder that produces undesirable physical symptoms as a result of autonomic nervous system changes and skeletal muscle activity during sleep.
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Common Parasomnias
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Somnambulism, Nocturnal Enuresis, Bruxism, Night Terrors
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Treatment for Obstructive Apnea
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CPAP, Side lying, avoid alcohol, weight loss, surgery (uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), Laser assisted uvulopalatoplasty (LUAP).
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Signs and Symptoms of Obstructive apnea
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snoring respirations, enlarged tonsils, nasal polyps, deviated septum. Excessive daytime sleepiness.
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Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
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removal of the uvula and tonsils
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Narcolepsy
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CNS dysfunction of mechanisms that regulate sleep/wake states.
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Central Sleep Apnea- definition
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Dysfunction of brain's respiratory control center
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Central Sleep Apnea- Causes
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Brain stem injury, encephalitis, muscular dystrophy.
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Nocturnal Enuresis
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Present in 10% of children at 5 years of age and 1% at 15 years of age. More common in boys than girls, Most often first born,Family tendency
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Bruxism
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Teeth Grinding, occurs mainly in children untreated can cause TMJ and tooth damage
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Bruxism cause
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stress
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Bruxism treatment
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occlusion block/guard
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Night Terrors
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person awakes frightened and screaming, short duration, tachycardia and hypertension
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Common Sleep Agents
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halcion and ambien
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Used as sleep agents- benzodiazepenes
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Xanax (alprazolam), Valium (diazepam), Dalmane(flurazepam), Ativan (lorazepam), Serax (oxazepam), Restoril (Temazepam) Versed
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Number one nursing intervention for sleep disturbances in hospital
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Control noise.
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