Respiratory/renal Allergies And Asthma Test 3 Set2

Front 1

Buproprion SR/Zyban desc (3)

Back 1

1)nonnicotine cessation aid
2)sustained release antidepressant
3)oral formulation

Front 2

Zyban MOA (2)

Back 2

1)atypical antidepressant thought to affect levels of dopamine, NE
2)clinical effects are: decr craving cigs, decr symptoms of nicotine withdrawal

Front 3

Zyban dosing (2)

Back 3

1)initial: 150mg po q am x 3d
2)then: 150mg po bid x 7-12WKS

Front 4

Zyban
a)adv (3)
b)disadv (2)

Back 4

a1)easy to use
a2)can be used w/ NRT
a3)beneficial in pts w/ depression

b1)incr seizure risk
b2)do NOT use in pts w/ seizure, anorexia/bulimia, meds that lower seizure threshold

Front 5

2nd line therapies of Smoking Cessation that's NOT NRT (2)

Back 5

1)clonidine
2)nortriptylline

Front 6

Combination NRT? (3)

Back 6

a)long acting patch to produce constant levels of nicotine
PLUS
b)short acing gum, lozenge, inhaler, spray prn to manage withdrawal symptoms
c)reserve for pts unable to quit using monotherapy

Front 7

What is the "anti-marijuana" drug

Back 7

Rimonabant (Acomplia) (UNAPPROVED)

Front 8

Chantix desc (4)

Back 8

1)first non-nicotine derived smoking cessation Rx medication
2)stimulates nicotine receptor to decr cravings and decr withdrawal symptoms)
3)blocks binding of nicotine (decr sense of satisfaction when smoking)
4)effective in pts who cannot tolerate combo NRT

Front 9

Chantix
a)generic
b)MOA (3)
c)dosage (3)

Back 9

a)Varenicline

b1)competitive alpha4,beta2 nicotine receptor antagonist
b2)preventing release of dopamine
b3)and activation of nicotine receptors reducing withdrawal symptoms

c)Days 1-3: 0.5mg qd
Days 4-7: 0.5mg BID
Weeks 2-12: 1mg BID

Front 10

Varenicline
a)precautions/CI (4)
b)formulary competitors (4)
c)notes?

Back 10

a1)nausea
a2)HA
a3)difficulty sleeping
a4)abnormal/vivid dreams

b1)buproprion
b2)clonidine
b3)nortriptylline
b4)nicotine patch

c)more effective than other oral anti-smoking Rx meds

Front 11

Limitations of Zyban + NRT (standard of care for smoking cessation) (5)

Back 11

1)eating disorders
2)hx of seizure
3)concomitant SSRI use
4)NRT intolerance
5)pregnancy

Front 12

Special thing about Buproprion

Back 12

is like prozac, wont work immediately have to take it for a while for it to work

Front 13

BUN desc (4)

Back 13

1)freely filtered @ glomerulus
2)up to 50% reabsorption in proximal tubule (passively)
3)excretion may be decr under conditions of water conservation by the kidney
4)water follows Na and BUN follows too

Front 14

BUN and disease (2)

Back 14

1)decr circulating volume stimulates incr water and BUN reabsorption
2)BUN:SCr ratio of greater than 15:1 suggests PRE-RENAL AZOTEMIA (azotemia=incr blood level of urea nitrogen)

Front 15

Creatinine
a)directly dependent on...
b)normal values
c)elimination

Back 15

a)muscle mass
b)0.5-1.5
c)excreted by glomerular filtration so used as a marker of renal fxn (GFR)

Front 16

Creatinine @ SS is dependent on... (6)

Back 16

1)age
2)race
3)gender (males have higher values)
4)body mass (directly proportional to lean body mass)
5)diet (protein intake within 2-8h may falsely elevate)
6)diurnal variation (peak @ 7p, trough in morning)

Front 17

Prerenal azotemia
a)indicated by...
b)pathophysiology
c)2 main mechanisms

Back 17

a)ratio of BUN:SCr is greater than 15:1
b)hypoperfusion of nephrons

c1)activation of RAAS and potentially ADH secretion
c2)incr reabsorption of Na/water as well as urea nitrogen

Front 18

Prerenal azotemia mechanism of (3)

Back 18

1)hypoperfusion due to systemic arterial hypotension
2)hypoperfusion due to a decline in EFFECTIVE blood volume
3)hypoperfusion WITHOUT systemic arterial hypotension

Front 19

Hypoperfusion due to systemic arterial hypotension (PRERENAL AZOTEMIA) (2)

Back 19

1)caused by decline in intravascular blood volume
2)dehyrdation is common cause (as well as hemorrhage)

Front 20

Hypoperfusion due to a decline in EFFECTIVE blood volume (PRERENAL AZOTEMIA) (3)

Back 20

1)effective blood volume is that "perceived" by the arterial baroreceptors
2)CHF with a low cardiac output and decr renal perfusion cause this
3)liver failure/cirrhosis, with a decr in albumin [] and thus plasma oncotic pressure

Front 21

Hypoperfusion WITHOUT systemic arterial hypotension (PRERENAL AZOTEMIA) (3)

Back 21

1)bilateral renal artery occlusion or stenosis
2)unilateral renal artery stenosis in a pt w/ 1 kidney
3)activation of RAAS stimulates Na reabsorptive mechanisms

Front 22

Intrinsic renal azotemia
a)BUN:SCr ratio
b)pathophysiology
c)causes (3)

Back 22

a)less than 15:1 (normal ratio but BOTH SCr and BUN elevated)
b)damage to components of kidney, ability of kidney to filter/excrete BUN and SCr equally affected so both levels rise proportionally

c1)vascular or glomerular damage
c2)renal tubular damage (acute tubular necrosis)
c3)interstitial damage (damage to renal interstitum)

Front 23

Post-renal azotemia
a)BUN:SCr ratio
b)pathophysiology
c)causes (3)

Back 23

a)less than 15:1 (and levels of BUN/SCr are both elevated)
b)obstruction below the kidney, ability of kidney to excrete BUN/SCR equally affected, so both incr proportionally

c1)obstruction must involve BOTH kidneys (or 1 kidney in pt w/ only 1 kidney) to cause acute renal failure
c2)bladder outlet obstruction from crystals/stones is most common cause
c3)manifests as an abrupt decr in urine volume (or no urine at all)

Front 24

Manifestations of renal dysfxn in physical exam (3 w/ 4,2,2)

Back 24

1)s/sx of fluid overload
a)depedent of edema of lower extermities
b)JVD
c)S3 gallop
d)pulmonary rales

2)elevation of BP
a)due to fluid overload
b)due to stimulation of RAAS (=angiotensin2 vasoconstriction)

3)Kidney Size
a)large in polycystic kidney disease
b)small in end stage renal disease

Front 25

Specific Gravity of urinalysis (4)

Back 25

1)dependent on water intake and urine []ing ability
2)normal range is 1.003 to 1.030
3)can be used along w/ osmolality as a measure of urine []ing ability
4)high urine specific gravity suggests an intact urine []ing mechanism

Front 26

Glucose in urinalysis (2)

Back 26

1)normally absent from a urine specimen
2)will be present if plasma glc exceeds the renal threshold for reabsorption

Front 27

Protein in urinalysis (3)

Back 27

1)albumin is the urinary protein used as the most sensitive marker of kidney disease
2)usual excretion of albumin is w/ normal kidney fxn (normal is under 30mg/d OVER 30 = EARLY SIGN OF RENAL DISEASE)
3)30-300 urinary albumin is termed "microalbuminuria" and can be a sign of chron kidney disease

Front 28

RBCs/WBCs in urinalysis (2 w/ 2,2)

Back 28

1)more than 2RBCs per high power field on microscope may be abnormal
a)elevation in RBC count may suggest glomerular injury
b)consider contamination, such as menstrual period

2)more than 1WBC per HPF may be abnormal
a)if cells are present in abnormal quantities, it is important to differentiate whether they are of renal origin
b)elevation in WBC count may suggest interstitial inflammation or urinary tract inflammation

Front 29

Casts in urinalysis (2)

Back 29

1)casts w/o cells are called "hyaline casts" (normal)
2)casts w/ cells indicate that the cells are of renal origin, so this might suggest an abnormality w/ kidney

Front 30

Crystals in urinalysis (1 and 6 things that can be found)

Back 30

1)may be normally present in urine

1)uric acid
2)calcium oxalate
3)calcium phosphate
4)calcium magnesium
5)ammonium pyrophosphate
6)cystine

Front 31

Other things normally ABSENT from urinalysis (5)

Back 31

1)ketones (presence may indicate diabetic ketoacidosis)
2)nitrite (may indicate urinary tract infexn)
3)leukocyte esterase (may indicate urinary tract infexn)

4)heme (indicates presence of hemoglobin/myoglobin)
a)positive heme tests w/o RBCs indicated RBC hemolysis or damage to muscle cells (RHABDO)

Front 32

Fractional excretion of sodium (FEna)
a)equation
b)values (3)

Back 32

a)FEna = (Una)(SCr)(100) / (Ucr)(Sna)

b1)FEna is normally less than 1%
b2)urine sodium is usually less than 20mEq/L
b3)urine creatinine is usually 1-2g/day

Front 33

Urine Osmolality (2)

Back 33

1)variable (50-1200mOsm/L)
2)values over 500mOsm/L suggest highly []ed urine due to stimulation of ADH

Front 34

GFR
a)is ____
b)expressed as...
c)____ estimates GFR
d)normal value

Back 34

a)gold standard for assessment of renal fxn
b)volume of plasma filtered across the glomerulus per unit time
c)CrCL
d)120mL/min/1.73m^2

Front 35

Accurate measurement of GFR requires a compound w/ following characterisitcs (4)

Back 35

1)unrestricted diffusion across the glomerulus into Bowman's capsule
2)not actively secreted (WOULD FALSELY INCR CL)
3)not actively reabsorbed (WOULD FALSELY DECR CL)
4)not metabolized by kidney

Front 36

Tests of renal fxn (6)

Back 36

1)inulin CL (most expensive/accurate but least clinically useful)
2)radiolabeled markers (99Tc, 51Cr)
3)non-isotope contrast agents (iothalamate/iohexol)
4)creatinine clearance (measured by urine collection)
5)SCr (least expensive/accurate but most clinically useful)

Front 37

Creatinine and the glomerulus (5)

Back 37

1)freely filtered
2)not reabsorbed
3)does have some tubular secretion (overestimates GFR by 10% in normal pts)
4)as renal fxn declines, tubular secretion contributes relatively more to overall GFR)
5)this = decr accuracy in pts w/ mod/severe renal dysfxn

Front 38

Direct measurement of CrCL by urine collection
a)equation
b)4characteristics
c)disadv (2)

Back 38

a)CrCL (ML/MIN) = (Ucr x V) / (Scr x t)
SCr in mg/ML
b1)can be done in/outpt
b2)more accurate than "estimated CrCL" from SCr alone
b3)24hr urine collection is best but 8h is acceptable
b4)SCr should be measured half-way thru the collection period

c1)not rapid
c2)potential for error (pt must collect own urine)

Front 39

Estimation of CrCL
a)equation*****
b)IBW equation**** (2)

Back 39

a)CrCL (ML/MIN) = [(140-age) x IBW] / (SCr x 72) (MULTIPLY BY 0.85 FOR FEMALES)
SCr is in mg/dL
Age in years
COCKGROFT GAULT EQUATION


b)IBW(males)= 50kg + (2.3 x height in inches over 60)
b)IBW(females)= 45kg + (2.3 x height in inches over 60)

Front 40

Pts w/ renal impairment and co-existing liver diease (ESTIMATION OF CRCL) (2)

Back 40

1)renal fxn difficult to estimate w/ conventional equations
2)don't use CrCL to quantify renal fxn

Front 41

Pts w/
a)trauma
b)renal transplant
c)HIV
and ESTIMATION OF CRCL

Back 41

a)CG is still useful
b)CG overestimates GFR
c)CG overestimates GFR

Front 42

Pts w/
a)unstable renal fxn (2)
b)renal fxn in elderly (2)
and ESTIMATION OF CRCL

Back 42

a1)change in SCr of over 50% in 1d considered unstable renal fxn
a2)use equations other than CG to estimate GFR

b1)declining muscle mass in old leads to lower production rates of creatinine
b2)CG accounts for incr age and can be used for estimated CrCL

Front 43

Alterations in absorption/bioavailibility w/ renal insufficiency (2)

Back 43

1)edema of GI in renal insufficiency may cause decr absorption
2)n/v/d decr absorption

Front 44

Alterations in changes in protein binding with renal insufficiency (2 w/ 1,5)

Back 44

1)basic drugs bound to alpha1 acid glycoprotein (lidocaine/quinidine)
a)binding is normal for BASIC

2)acidic drugs bound to albumin (like warfarin/phenytoin)
a)binding is decr (so incr F)
b)qualitative changes in binding sites w/ decr affinity
c)accumulation of endogenous inhibitors of binding
d)decr in serum albumin (decr binding sites)
e)will usually see decr in TOTAL drug [], but same [] of free fraction**** (so ONLY measure free fraction of drugs in ESRD)

Front 45

Altered tissue binding w/ renal insufficiency (2)

Back 45

1)distribution volume of digoxin is reduced by 30-50% (SO DECR LD OF DIGOXIN IN ESRD)
2)competitive inhibition of tissue binding by accumulated endogenous or exogenous substance (is proposed cause)

Front 46

Alterations in body composition w/ renal insufficiency (3)

Back 46

1)change in relation of fractional composition of total body water to drug wt
2)renal problems causes excess body water
3)need less vancomycin

Front 47

Monitoring of free drug fraction is recommended w/ meds w/: (IN RENAL INSUFFICIENCY) (3)

Back 47

1)NTI
2)high protein binding (over 80%)
3)known variability of free fraction

Front 48

Metabolism in renal insufficiency (3 w/ 1,2,1)

Back 48

1)decr P450 activity
a)insulin is example (so decr insulin requirement in DM1/2)

2)decr in non-renal/hepatic drug metabolism
a)reductions in non-renal CL are proportional to reductions in GFR
b)chronic renal failure causes greater reduction in non-renal CL as opposed to acure renal failure

3)accumulation of drug metabolites
a)nor-meperidine is renally excreted and can cause confusion/seizure
b)look @ drugs w/ active metabolites that are renally excreted

Front 49

Excretion in renal insufficiency (2 and an equation)

Back 49

Depends on:
1)fraction of drug normally excreted via the kidneys
2)degree of renal insufficiency

Renal CL = (GFR x fraction of unbound drug) + CL by secretion - CL by reabsorption

Front 50

Normal CrCL is....

Back 50

120mL/min

Front 51

Adjustment of dose and/or interval based on range of renal fxn (CrCL) (3)

Back 51

1)moderate insufficiency (30-60mL/min)
2)severe insufficiency (15-29mL/min)
3)ESRD (less than 15mL/min)

Front 52

What drugs require PK monitoring in renal insufficiency (5)

Back 52

1)AGs
2)vancomycin
3)phenytoin
4)phenobarbital
5)quinidine

Front 53

If PK monitoring does not need to be done for renal insufficiency what else can be done and for what drugs? (3)

Back 53

dosage adjustment method can be selected to maintain a similar average SS []

1)anti-HTN
2)benzo's
3)cephalosporin's

Front 54

Methods to dose adjust in renal insufficiency (3 w/ 1,2,0)

Back 54

1)Decr dosage and maintain same interval
a)peak will be lower and trough will be higher, but avg SS [] will be similar to normal dosage schedule

2)maintain same dosage and prolong dosage interval
a)peak-to-trough []s similar to pt's w/ normal renal fxn, but over extended period of time
b)preferred due to cost savings, less admin time and better compliance in outpt

3)decr dosage and prolong dosage interval (combo of 1and2)

Front 55

Sympathetic effect on micturition

Back 55

1)causes BLADDER to relax and fill
2)causes INTERNAL SPHINCTER to contract (so no urine gets out)

Front 56

Parasympathetic effect on micturition

Back 56

1)causes BLADDER to contract and push urine out
2)causes INTERNAL SPHINCTER to relax allowing urine out

Front 57

How is External Sphincter controlled? (2)

Back 57

1)w/ somatic muscles (voluntarily)
2)contraction = no urinate (holding it)

Front 58

DIAPPERS causes of UI (8)

Back 58

1)Delirium (decr awareness of need to void)
2)Infection (freq/urgency incr)
3)Atrophic urethritis (decr muscle tone in urethral tissue)
4)Pharmaceuticals (see next NC)
5)Psychological (decr hygeine)
6)Excessive urine output
7)Restricted mobility (decr ability to get to toilet)
8)Stool impaction (incr pressure on bladder, decr bladder capacity)

Front 59

Urinary bladder muscle name?

Back 59

detrusor or bladder muscle

Front 60

Drugs causing UI (3)

Back 60

1)sedatives/hyponotics/CNS depressants
2)antidepressants
3)antipsychotics

Front 61

UI def

Back 61

involuntary loss of urine from bladder

Front 62

Drugs causing urinary retention (5)

Back 62

1)alpha adrenergic agonists
2)anticholinergic's
3)Beta adrenergic agonists
4)CCBs
5)narcotic analgesics

Front 63

Drugs causing polyuria (3)

Back 63

1)alcohol
2)diuretics
3)caffeine

Front 64

____ effects on UI
a)alpha adrenergic blockers
b)ACEI's

Back 64

a)urethral relaxation (incr loss)

b)cough w/ drug may incr intra-abdominal pressure = UI

Front 65

Symptoms of STRESS incontinence (URETHRAL UNDERACTIVITY) (4)

Back 65

1)urine leakage during physical activity, sneezing, coughing
2)SMALL AMOUNT OF URINE LOSS
3)unable to reach toilet in time following urge to void
4)rarely experience nocturia or nocturnal incontinence

Front 66

Risk Factors for STRESS incontinence (URETHRAL UNDERACTIVITY) (7)

Back 66

1)women > men
2)pregnancy
3)childbirth
4)menopause
5)obesity
6)cognitive impairment
7)incr age

Front 67

FIRST LINE treatment for STRESS incontinence (URETHRAL UNDERACTIVITY)

Back 67

1)KEGEL'S (and other non-pharmacologicals) for young women

Front 68

Other non-pharmacological tx of STRESS incontinence (URETHRAL UNDERACTIVITY) (6)

Back 68

1)eliminate alpha-antagonists and muscle relaxants
2)maintain adequate fluid intake (usually want to decr)
3)wt reduction
4)smokers cough (smoking cessation)
5)absorbent undergarments
6)surgery

Front 69

Pharmacologic agents for STRESS incontinence (URETHRAL UNDERACTIVITY) (3 and 1 not used)

Back 69

1)pseudofed (alpha adrenergic agonist)
2)estrogen cream/ring (only topical b/c oral can worsen UI and topical has few ADRs)
3)duloxetine (Cymbalta) (serotonin/NE reuptake inhibitor w/ alpha adrenergic agonism)

1)imipriamine

Front 70

STRESS incontinence (URETHRAL UNDERACTIVITY) doses for:
a)estrogens
b)cymbalta

Back 70

a)cream: 0.5mg vaginally hs or 2x/week
a)ring placed intravaginally every 90d

b)40mg bid (qd for depression)

Front 71

Pseudofed CI's (5)

Back 71

a)HTN
b)arrhythmias
c)CAD
d)DM
e)glaucoma

Front 72

STRESS incontinence (URETHRAL UNDERACTIVITY) main cause...

Back 72

urethral sphincter is unable to resist flow during stress

Front 73

URGE incontinence (OVERACTIVE BLADDER) main cause

Back 73

detrusor muscle inappropriately contracts during filling

Front 74

URGE incontinence (OVERACTIVE BLADDER) risk factors (3)

Back 74

1)obesity
2)smoking
3)caffeine

Front 75

URGE incontinence (OVERACTIVE BLADDER) symptoms (7)

Back 75

1)involuntary loss of urine w/ strong desire to void
2)go more than 8x/day
3)strong sudden urgency
4)inability to reach toilet in time following urge to void
5)LARGE AMOUNT OF URINE LOSS
6)nocturia or nocturnal incontinence
7)need protection ATC

Front 76

URGE incontinence (OVERACTIVE BLADDER) common causes (10)

Back 76

1)cystitis
2)aging
3)parkinson's
4)stroke
5)dementia
6)MS
7)spine injury
8)outflow obstruction
9)tumors
10)pelvic floor disorders

Front 77

Pharma treatment of URGE incontinence (OVERACTIVE BLADDER) and which are main 2

Back 77

ANTICHOLINERGICS
1)oxybutynin (ditropan)****
2)tolterodine (detrol)**** (better than oxy b/c better selectivity)
3)Trospium (Sanctura)
4)Darifenacin (Enablex)
5)Solifenacin (Vesicare)

Front 78

Oxybutynin
a)time to max benefit
b)dosing (3)
c)drug interactions (4)

Back 78

a)4weeks
b1)IR: start 2.5-5mg tid go to 5mg qid (ON EMPTY STOMACH)
b2)XL: start 5mg qd go to 30mg qd (w/ or w/o food)
b3)TDS/patch: 3.9mg twice weekly (apply to abdomen, butt, or hip)

c1)other anticholinergics
c2)sedatives
c3)alcohol
c4)AChesterase inhibitors

Front 79

Tolterodine
a)dose
b)interactions

Back 79

a)20mg bid unless CrCL less than 30, then 20mg hs

b)same as oxy

Front 80

Darfenacin (Enablex)
a)dose
b)drug interactions (3)
c)max benefit when

Back 80

a)7.5mg qd initially, can be incr to 15mg qd

b1)other anticholinergics
b2)CYP2D6/3A4 inhibitors
b3)AChesterase inhibitors

c)2wks

Front 81

Solifenacin (Vesicare)
a)dose
b)drug interactions (2)

Back 81

a)5mg qd up to 10mg qd; if CrCL less than 30 then 5mg qd only
b1)CYP3A4 inhibitors/inducers
b2)azoles

Front 82

Drugs not recommended for URGE incontinence (OVERACTIVE BLADDER) (6)

Back 82

1)TCAs
2)imipramine (tofranil)
3)dicyclomine
4)hyoscyamine
5)propantheline
6)flavoxate

Front 83

Nonpharmacologic treatment for URGE incontinence (OVERACTIVE BLADDER) (4)

Back 83

1)bladder training (schedule voiding w/ incr intervals)
2)timed voiding (voiding on fixed schedule w/o change)
3)Kegels
4)absorbent undergarmants

Front 84

OVERFLOW incontinence (URETHRAL OVERACTIVITY AND BLADDER UNDERACTIVITY) main cause...(2)

Back 84

1)inadequate contracility of detrusor muscle such as in neurogenic bladder
2)abnormal contraction of urethra such as BPH

Front 85

Risk factors for OVERFLOW incontinence (URETHRAL OVERACTIVITY AND BLADDER UNDERACTIVITY) (3)

Back 85

1)men > women
2)men (BPH, neurogenic bladder)
3)rare in women

Front 86

OVERFLOW incontinence (URETHRAL OVERACTIVITY AND BLADDER UNDERACTIVITY) symptoms (7)

Back 86

1)abdomninal fullness
2)hesitancy
3)straining to void
4)interrupted and/or decr force of stream
5)sensation of incomplete bladder emptying
6)usually frequency/urgency
7)PAIN

Front 87

OVERFLOW incontinence (URETHRAL OVERACTIVITY AND BLADDER UNDERACTIVITY) causes (5)

Back 87

1)neurologic conditions such as diabetic neuropathy
2)low spinal cord injury
3)prostatic hyperplasia
4)prostatic carcinoma
5)pelvic organ prolapse (in women after histerectomy)

Front 88

Treatment of BPH (7)

Back 88

1)5alpha reductase inhibitors (avodart/proscar)
2)alpha antagonists
a)prazosin (2nd gen)
b)doxazosin (2nd gen)
c)terazosin (2nd gen)
d)Alfuzosin (Uroxatral) (3rd gen)
e)Tamsulosin (3rd gen)

Front 89

5alpha reductase inhibitors
a)mechanism
b)treatment works by...(time)
c)works best w/...
d)dose of the 2

Back 89

a)inhibits production of DHT
b)6-12 months
c)LARGE PROSTATES

d1)dutasteride (avodart): 0.5mg qd
d2)finasteride (proscar): 5mg qd

Front 90

5alpha reductase inhibitors
a)ADR's (3)
b)drug interactions (2)

Back 90

a1)sex dysfxn
a2)gynecomastia
a3)rash w/ finasteride

b1)azole's
b2)macrolides

Front 91

Alpha antagonists for BPH
a)onset of 2nd/3rd gen
b)best w/...
c)3rd gen are better b/c
d)ADR's (4)
e)drug interactions

Back 91

a)2nd gen is 1-2wks; 3rd gen is immediate
b)SMALLER PROSTATES
c)immediate onset and more uroselective

d1)dizzy
d2)HA
d3)tachycardia
d4)orthostasis

e)BP lowering agents (due to incr orthostasis)

Front 92

Dosing of:
a)prazosin
b)doxazosin
c)terazosin
d)alfuzosin
e)tamsulosin

Back 92

a)1mg bid up to 2mg bid

b)0.5-2mg qd, up to 8mg qd

c)1mg hs up to 10mg qd

d)10mg qd

e)0.4mg qd up to 0.8mg qd (1-2 capsules qd)

Front 93

Treatment of neurogenic bladder
a)drug
b)dose
c)ADRs
d)drug is best for...

Back 93

a)BETHANECHOL (URECHOLINE)---CHOLINERGIC W/ MUSCARINIC ACTIVITY
a)10mg qid to 100mg qid

b1)urination urgency
b2)salivation
b3)sweating
b4)hypotension

c)urinary retention

Front 94

DRUGS CI IN LIVER FAILURE (3)

Back 94

1)cymbalta
2)darifenacin (enablex)
3)solifenacin (vesicare)

Front 95

Regulation of glomerular blood flow by
a)prostaglandins
b)angiotensin2

Back 95

a)an incr in PG causes a vasodilation of the afferent arteriole going into the glomerulus (and v.v.

b1)angiotensin2 causes vasoconstriction at the afferent arteriole, but its activity is HEAVILY outweighed by PG's (so dc AG2's effect)
b2)on efferent arteriole an incr in AG2 causes incr in vasoconstriction (and v.v.)

Front 96

Regulation of glomerular blood flow
a)how do you get incr glomerular filtration
b)how do you get decr glomerular filtrations

Back 96

a)incr PG, decr AG2

b)decr PG, incr AG2