Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
DYSPNEA
|
Difficulty breathing
Uncomfortable Inappropriate to level of exertion |
|
|
TACHYPNEA
|
Increased breathing
Rapid, shallow Results from restrictive lung disease, pleuritic chest |
|
|
HYPERPNEA/HYPERVENTILATION
|
Rapid, deep breathing
Caused by exercise, anxiety, & metabolic acidosis |
|
|
BRADYPNEA
|
Slow breathing
May be secondary to diabetic coma, drug-induced resp. depressio, increased intracranial pressure |
|
|
CHEYNE-STOKES BREATHING
|
Periods of deep breathing alternating with periods of apnea.
Causes - heart failure, uremia, drug-induced resp depression & brain damage |
|
|
KUSSMAUL BREATHING
|
Deep breathing due to metabolic acidosis
May be fast, normal or slow |
|
|
BIOT'S BREATHING/ATAXIC
|
Unpredictable irregular breathing
Breaths may be shallow, deep & stop for short periods Causes resp depression, brain damage |
|
|
PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL DYSPNEA (PND)
|
Episodes of sudden dyspnea and orthopnea that awaken a pt from sleep, prompting pt to sit up, standup, or go to a window for air
Causes (L) ventricular heart failure or mitral stenosis |
|
|
ORTHOPNEA
|
Dyspnea that occurs when the pt is lying down and improves when the pt sits up
Suggests (L) ventricular heart failure or mitral stenosis |
|
|
PURSED-LIP BREATHING
|
Pursed lips during exhalation
In pts with COPD |
|
|
RALE DE LA MORT
|
Crackle
|
|
|
CRACKLE
|
Adventitious sounds
Called Rales Result from tiny explosions when small airways, deflated during expiration, pop open during inspiration May be due to abnormalities of lungs or airways (ie, pneumonia, fibrosis, early CHF, bronchitis) |
|
|
WHEEZE
|
Adventitious sounds
Musical resp. sounds (high pitched) Caused by partial airway obstruction from secretions, tissue, inflammation or foreign body |
|
|
RHONCHI
|
Vibration of chest wall that may be felt with a hand on the chest surface
Low pitched sound like snoring |
|
|
HEMOPTYSIS
|
Coughing up blood from the lungs
|
|
|
BRONCHITIS
|
Inflammation of one or more bronchi, usually secondary infection
|
|
|
COSTOCHONDRITIS
|
Condition caused by inflammation of costochondral joints
Perceived as chest pain with tenderness to one or both sides of sternum Pain is often worse with deep breathing or moving the chest wall |
|
|
PNEUMONIA
|
Inflammation of lung parenchyma from resp. bronchioles to alveoli
Caused by bacterial or viral infection |
|
|
BRONCHIECTASIS
|
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic cough, purulent sputum, foul-smelling, may be bloody Caused by lung infection or congenital (cystic fibrosis) |
|
|
STRIDOR
|
Audible high-pitched wheeze
Sign of airway obstruction in larynx or trachea |
|
|
PNEUMOTHORAX
|
Leakage of air into pleural space, usually unilaterally, thru blebs on visceral pleura
Results in partial or complete collapse of lung with sudden onset of dyspnea Lung recoils from chest wall |
|
|
PLEURAL EFFUSION
|
Fluid accumulation in pleural space, separating air-filled lung from chest wall
Percussion - Dull to flat |
|
|
HEMOTHORAX
|
Effusion of blood into pleural cavity
|
|
|
EMPYEMA
|
Accumulation of pus in a body cavity
Refers to thoracic empyema if no descriptive qualifier |
|
|
ATELECTASIS
|
Collapsed lung from airway obstruction
|
|
|
TACTILE FREMITIS
|
Palpable vibrations transmitted thru bronchopulmonary tree to chest wall when pt speaks
Use ulnar side of hand to optimize vibratory sensitivity of bones in hand Ask pt to repeat words "ninety nine" or "one-to-one" |
|
|
BRONCHOPHONY
|
Louder clearer voice sounds
|
|
|
WHISPERED PECTORILOQUY
|
Louder clearer whispered sounds
|
|
|
EGOPHONY/E-TO-A CHANGES
|
Lobar consolidation from pneumonia. Sound quality is nasal.
"ee" sounds like "ay" |
|
|
FLAIL CHEST
|
Parodoxical movements of thorax due to fractured ribs
|
|
|
PECTUS EXCAVATUM
(FUNNEL CHEST) |
Depression in lower portion of sternum
May cause of compression of heart and great vessels may cause murmurs |
|
|
PECTUS CARINATUM
(PIGEON CHEST) |
Anterior displacement of sternum increasing anteroposterior diameter
|
|
|
GOODPASTURE SYNDROME
|
Combination of pulmonary hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis
Also known as "lung purpura glomerulonephritis complex" Some consider it a hypersensitivity reaction |
|
|
PANCOAST SYNDROME
|
Lower trunk brachial plexopathy and Horner Syndrome
Due to malignant tumor in region of superior pulmonary sulcus |
