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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is only pathogen in pneymovirus genus?
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RSV - Human Respiratory Synctial Virus
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Describe RSV genome compared to Paramyxoviridae
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more complex genome
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what is the most common cause of LRI among infants
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RSV
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When does RSV infect most people (age?)
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infants, during childhood - age 2
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How is RSV spread
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respiratory aerosols >1 hour and fomites
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What are clinical symptoms of RSV
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fever, runny nose, cough sometimes wheezing
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Is RSV infected kids often hospitalized?
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no, low hospitalization. .5-2% (usually kids under 6 months)
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How long does it take to recover form RSV
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8-15 days
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Is RSV a repeated infection?
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Yes, throughout life. Usually, URK
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Does RSV affect adults and where does it locate (U or LRI)
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immunocompromised or elderly. Immunos most severe
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Describe RSV treatmet
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supportive only
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What is tx for severe RSV?
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aerolosized Ribavirin
Immunoglobulin with hii titers of neutralizing RSV aby O2 and mechanical ventilation |
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vacccine for RSV?
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nope
preventionis infection control RSV-IGIVs or anti-r humanized murine monoclonal aby |
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Prevention of RSV and Post Exposure prophylaxis?
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RSV-IGIV
anti-RSV monoclonal aby |
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when to use prophylaxis for RSV?
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chronic lung ds, preemies, severe ds kids
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what is metapheumovirus genus
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respiratory of turkeys
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Describe Rhinovirus
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30 nm icosahedral shaped.
non-enveloped ph labile (unlike enteroviruses) |
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What family is genus rhinovirus
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Picornaviridae (also polio)
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Describe Picornaviridae virus
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+ ssRNA
cause of half colds >100 serotypes no X protection from serotypes |
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does picorna cause LRI
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rarely - elderly, infants, cystic fibrosis, immunos
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Where does Rhino replicate
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upper respiratory tract and in cell culture under LOW temp and PH
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How does Rhino transmit
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contact, fomites and respiratory drops
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Clinical signs of rhino
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12-72 hour incubation (ave 8-16 hrs after viral inoc of nose)
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Symptoms complaint 2 hours after viral inoc?
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sore throat, nasal discharge, nasal congestion, sneezing, HA, facial and ear P, loss of smell and taste.
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Other rhino symptoms
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cough(30%) and hoarseness (20%)
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are fever and malaise frequent in colds (Rhino)
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not usually.
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Rhino symptoms
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7-11 days
babies may have only nasal discharge eustachian tubes can cause 2nd bacterial infection |
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Is rhino more severe in smokers?
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yes
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Describe main features of Parvoviridae
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smallest viruses
ssDNA, genome 4-6Kb, linear icosahedral, nucleocapsid mammals, birds and insects subfamPARVOVIRINAE infect vertebrates |
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which parvoviruses are pathogenic to humans
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G Erythrovirus: B19, named for label on tube from 1st human isolate.
G Bocavirus - human bocavirus |
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Talk about B19 infection
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only infects humans
respiratory incub - 4-14 d infectious up until onset of rash up to 60% students during school outbreaks |
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DS associated with parvovirus
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~20% asymptomatic
non-specific febrile Fifth's disease (E infectiosum) Acute arthritis Aplastic anemia(BM shuts down) Comps in preggo |
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What is Fifth's disease
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mild rash of childhood with rash
"SLAPPED CHEEK" look on face Lacy red on trunk and limbs may itch |
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Secondary symptoms of Parvovirus B19 -
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1. Immunity following childhood inf
2. rash along w joint pain or swelling |
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Joint pain in Parvo B19 affects which joints
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wrists, hands, knees, is bilateral, resolves in 1-2 weeks ut may last several month
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What is a serious disease from Parvo B19
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aplastic anemia in persons with chronic hemolytic anemia(sickle cell)
higher risk in immunocompromised complications in pg |
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describe problems with Parvo B19 in pregnancy
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not problem if woman previously infected and thus immune (~50%)
usually mild even in women not previously infected Serious complication in ~5%, in first half of pregnancy. |
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What are the serious complications in preg (in 5%)
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miscarriage
severe anemia hydrops fetalis |
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Diagnosis and treatment of Fifth's disease
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DX - Clinical & ELISA IgM
TMENT - supportive blood transfusion immunoglob in immmunosup |
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Are there birth defects associated with B19
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No evidence
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What is associated with Togaviridae?
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"enveloped (cloak)" virus
one genera is arbo/alpha from before other genera is Rubivirus |
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RUBIVIRUS is ass with what ds?
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Rubella, meaning reddish, for rash. Only infects humans
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talk about Rubella (german measles)
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inc - 10-21 days
spread by coughing and sneezing ild ds in kids/young w fever/rash birth defects in >20% if acquired during preg. defects include deafness, cataracts, heart defects, mental retardaton and liver/spleen damage |
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Whati s clinical symptoms of Rubella
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Prodrome of low grade fever/malaise
Rash, conjunctival suffusion, lymphadenopathy, sometimes arthralgia |
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Describe rash in Rubella
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face/neck and spreads to trunk
pinkish macules <3 mm in diameter sometimes circumoral pallor |
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What can be bad post-infection (tho rare) complication of rubella
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encephalitis
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Describe MMR vaccine
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live, attenuated combi with measles, mumps and rubella
1971 - 1st licensed grown in chick embroyos lifetime immunity (95%) |
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problems with vaccine for MMR and is it eradicable
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interferes with maternal abys
targeting for eradication |
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Who should get MMR vaccine
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children by 1st birthday/2nd dose by kindergarten
Teens - if not vaccinated Adults born after 1957 unless immune Travelers - due to inc risk of exposure, if no immunity. |
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what are complications of MMR vaccine?
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few complications. no association with autism
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what should be precaution taken with MMR vaccination
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pregnancy should be avoid for 3 months following MMR and 1 month following measles vaccine
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when was first measles vaccine
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1963 vaccine licensed. before that, in US, 3-4 mil cases, 450 deaths/year. Epidemics Q 2-3 years.
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How much did measles cases drop after vaccine
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98%
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When and was uncovered about second dose of measles vaccine
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1985-88, saw increased rates in kids with only 1 dose. Second dose btw 5 and 19 years now recommended.
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when has US seen epidemics of measles and why
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89-90 - cases of unvaccinated kids of hispanic/african american populations
Christian Scientist schools in Mo, IL Hi school students with only 1 dose or unvaccinated. Imported cases |
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What is recommended infection control for Respiratory viruses
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Frequent hand washing
avoid sharing cups, etc excluding kids from school is probalby not aid in decreasing transmission as spread earlier hospitals need strict attention to contact precautions. |
