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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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URI - upper respiratory infection causezs what kind of illness
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colds, croup, laryngotracheobronchitis. Usually self limiting
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LRI - lower respiratory infection causes what dz
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pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchiolitis. May be severe. may cause hospitalization, specific tx
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RESPIRATORY TRANSMISSION IS IN WHAT FORMS
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DROPLET (on mucous membranes) OR AEROSOL
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DESCRIBE FAMILY PARAMYXOVIRIDAE
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Order: Mononegavirales
Neg stranded virus of vertebrates 150-350 nm, round-pleomorphic, helical |
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MEASLES - describe epidemics in crowded populations
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unfold and extinguish more rapidly in crowded environments.
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how long ago did measles appear
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not in existence until ~ 5000 years ago due to minimum population density required.
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When in history did measles appear?
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Widespread in Europe during mid ages and spread throughout world during colonial period.
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What is virus thought to be precursor to measles virus(animal borne)
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RINDERPEST - virus of cattle and swine.
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what is pathopneumonic to measles
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KOPLIK SPOTS in buccal mucosa
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describe measles pathogenesis
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upper respiratory followed by systemic spread to organs
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What is prominent site of measles replication
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lymphoid tissue
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what are complications of measles infection
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immune suppression lasting weeks and severe secondary infections
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what is incubation period for measles
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10-12 days
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What is prodromal stage for measles
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2-4 days of:
Fever Cough, runny nose and watery eyes Koplik's spots Koplik spots |
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What follows prodromal stage in measles
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Rash -
BEGINS AT HAIRLINE, SPREADS SEQUENTIALLY TO FACE, UPPER NECK AND DOWNWARD AND OUT, REACHING HANDS AND FEET |
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What follows rash in measles
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bronchitis/pneumonitis
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Complications occurring in measles
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~20%
Diarrhea, ear infections, pneumonia, enceph, seizures & death. Most common in kids <5 and adults >20. |
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Specific complications in kids and %s from measles
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Ear infections - 1/10
Pneumonia - 1/20 Encephalitis - 1/1000 Mortality - 1-2/1000(up to 250/1000 in developing countries - due to malnutrition/Vit A def) Corneal ulceration - measles leading cause of blindness in African kids |
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What are side effects of measles in preggo women
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miscarriages, premature or low-weight birth.
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What is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
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Rare, long-term sequela of msles
persistent/modified inf of brain appear years after acute infection slow but inexorable progression |
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HOW TO DX AIRBORNE PARAMYXOVIRUSES
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1. direct detection in resp secretions
a. cell culture b. immunofluor/enz immuno/pcr 2. indirect detection thru serology a. IgM aby b. Acute & convalescent IgG titers |
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What is genus Rubulavirus?
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1. Mumps virus
2. Human parainfluenza 2 & 4 |
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Is mumps more or less infectious than measles
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less
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incubation for mumps
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~ 18 days
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When is mumps transmissible
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3 days before symptoms to 4 days after
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is mumps serious infection in children?
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usually not.
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Symptoms of mumps
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Fever, headache, mm ache, swelling of saliva glands(parotidis)
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what are complications of mumps
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enceph, meingitis, inflam of testicles(orchitis) or ovaries, pancreatitis, myocarditis, deafness(usually permanent).
Spontaneous abortion or congenital defects when infection occurs during preg. |
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what are genus respirovirus
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only human pathogens - human parainfluenza 1,3
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what is incubation for human parainfluenza virus
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1 - 7 days
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what is human parainfluenza virus similar to and second to in LRI in kids?
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RSV
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What are four viruses of HPIV 1-4
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HPIV -1, 2: most ass with croup
HPIV-3, ass with LRI HPIV 4, infrequent |
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Is there immunity with HPIV?
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No, incomplete immunity. can cause repeated infections thru life, usually URI (elderly/immunocompromised get LRI)
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Is there vaccine for HPVI and what is mortality occurrence.
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no vaccine or tx. Low mortality
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How is PHIV spread?
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respiratory and fomites(infectious in aerosol for >1 hour)
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WHICH HPIVs infect children most and by what age
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>90% HPIV-3 by age 5
~75% with HPIV-1 and -2 |
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Who gets most serious illness with HPIV
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young children
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Describe HPIV viruses outbreak patterns(each level virus)
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HPIV-1 biennial outbreaks of croup in fall
HPIV-2 annual/biennial fall outbrk HPIV-3 peak during spring/summer months(but can be isolated thruout year) |
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DESCRIBE RSV
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only pathogen in genus PNEUMONOVIRUS
more complex genome than para MOST COMMON CAUSE LRI IN INFANTS Childhood infectino (age 2 yrs) No protection from maternal aby |
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When is RSV infective
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temperate climate - late fall/winter or early spring
Tropics - year round. |
