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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What virus is the most common cause of the common cold?
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Rhinovirus
(followed by coronavirus) |
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What virus is causes the common cold in kids?
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Adenovirus
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Which virus is associated with contaminated swimming pools and causes pharyngoconjunctival fever?
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Adenovirus
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Which virus causes herpangina?
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Coxsackie A viruses
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Coxsackie A 16 viruses is associated with which disease?
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Hand, foot and mouth disease
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Croup is characterized by a dry cough and an "inspiratory stridor" that is caused by which virus?
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Human Parainfluenza Virus (HPIV) 1 and 2
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What is the major cause of death associated with influenza virus infection?
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Secondary bacterial infections due to the damage caused by influenza
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What type of virus is influenza?
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Segmented, negative sense, enveloped RNA virus
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Which type of influenza undergoes antigenic shift?
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Influenza A
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What is the significance of the segmented negative sense RNA in the influenza virus?
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Segmentation allows reassortment in mixed infections
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What causes antigenic shift?
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Random reassortment of segmented genome
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Antibodies against __________ provide protection against the influenza virus.
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Hemagglutinin
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What is the significance of a mixed influenza infection?
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This allows random reassortment of the segmented genome, creating a hybrid virus
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How does the influenza virus attach to the cells that it infects?
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Hemagglutinin
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What peptide is involved in fusion of viral envelope to hose cell membrane, viral release from the cell, and cleaving sialic acid residues?
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Neuraminidase
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Antibodies to which glycoprotein attenuates the release and spread of viral particles?
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Neuraminidase
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Antibodies to which glycoprotein reduce influenza infectivity/
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Hemagglutinin
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What is the mechanism of the antiviral amantadine?
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Binds to the an ion channel on the M2 protein, preventing viral uncoating and replication
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What makes the influenza virus unique?
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It undergoes random reassortment and requires a nucleus for replication by RNA polymerase II
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What is the mechanism of antigenic drift?
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Mutations in hemagglutinin change its folding pattern (but doesn't change H type) and antibodies become ineffective
This is the reason we get annual flu shots |
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Why do we get annual flu shots
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Antigenic drift of the influenza virus
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What is the mechanism of antigenic shift?
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This implies a change to a completely new hemagglutinin (H1 to H2) due to random reassortment
Mutations are not involved |
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What are pandemics normally due to?
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Antigenic shift
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Amantadine and rimantidine are effective against which type of influenza?
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Influenza A
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What is the mechanism of oseltamivir?
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Inhibits influenza A and B virus neuraminidase
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What is the significance of the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus?
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It's not a normal pandemic virus because there has been antigenic drift, producing major changes in the folding pattern of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
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