Respiratory Therapy Program

Front 1

The force required to bring in a given amount of air into the chest

Back 1

WOB - Work Of Breathing

Front 2

The additional volume of air that the lungs can inhale and exhale when breathing to the limit of capacity in times of stress

Back 2

Pulmonary Reserve

Front 3

Potential ability of the heart to perform work beyond that necessary under basal conditions

Back 3

Cardiac Reserve

Front 4

(medicine) potential capacity to respond in order to maintain vital functions

Back 4

Reserve

Front 5

A primary inflammatory disease of the airways with clinical manifestations of increased bronchial hyper reactivity and airflow obstruction secondary to inflammation

Back 5

Asthma

Front 6

Chronic cough with excessive sputum production of unknown specific etiology for three months per year for two or more consecutive years.

Back 6

Chronic Bronchitis

Front 7

The enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, with loss of elastic tissue and destruction of alveolar septal walls

Back 7

Emphysema

Front 8

Shortness of breath
Especially during exertion, known as DOE (dyspnea on exertion)

Back 8

Dyspnea

Front 9

The study of one celled microscopic organisims that you cannot see with the naked eye.

Back 9

Microbiology

Front 10

*More advanced
*Reproduce by Mitosis
*Have a nucleus and cell membrane
*Contain membrane bound large organelles
*Sizes - 5 to 10 micrometers

Back 10

Eukaryotic Cell

Front 11

*Simple architecture
*Reproduce by binary fission
*Capsule or Slime Layer
*Size - 1 micron to 10 mm

Back 11

Prokaryotic Cell

Front 12

Algae (not blue green)
Fungi
Protozoa
Slime Molds

(Normal Flora)

Back 12

Eukaryotic Bacteria

Front 13

Blue Green Alga(Cyanobacteria)
Bacteria
Mycoplasma
Rickettsiae

Back 13

Prokaryotic Bacteria

Front 14

Layer outside the cell wall. A hydrophillic gel of polysaccharides.
Total layer = capsule
Partial enclosure = slime layer

Back 14

Capsule

Front 15

The outer most structure of many bacteria. Gives cell its shape, protects the cell from exploding and toxic chemicals. Pores for nutrients in and waste out.

Back 15

Bacterial Cell Wall

Front 16

Two Layers
*Cytoplasmic membrane

*Cell wall - much thicker than gram negative (peptidoglycan with teichoic acid)

Back 16

Gram Positive

Front 17

Three Layers
*Cytoplasmic membrane

*Periplasmic space - Peptidoglycan

*Outer layer - made of LPS (Lipopolysaccharides

Back 17

Gram Negative

Front 18

The only bacteria that does not have a cell wall

Back 18

Mycoplasma

Front 19

Eat, grow, and divide.

Back 19

Microbes

Front 20

Five Basic Shapes

Cocci - spherical shape
Bacilli - rod shaped
Vibrios - comma shaped
Spirillium - spiral shaped
Fusiform - free, no shape

Extra Shape Information
Strep - straight chain
( Streptococci)

Diplo - two in pair
( diplococci)

Staph - a grape like cluster
(staphylococci)

Back 20

Bacteria Shapes

Front 21

Gram Stain -
(Gram positive) Blue
(Gram negative) Red

Acid Fast ( mycobacterium tuberculosis

Back 21

Stain Classifications

Front 22

Aeration
Hydration
PH
Temperature

Back 22

Bacterial Growth Requirements

Front 23

Cold environments
Psychrophillic (10 to 20 C)

Middle environments
Mesophillic (20 to 40 c)

Hot environments
Thermophyllic (50 to 6 c)

Back 23

Temperature Ranges

Front 24

Obligate Aerobes
(With oxygen)

Obligate Anaerobes
(Without oxygen)

Facultative
(With or without oxygen

Back 24

Aeration

Front 25

Lag - Slow growth

Log - Exponential growth

Stationary - Plateau of growth

Death - Accumulated waste, loss of oxygen, organism dies

Back 25

Bacterial and Cell Division in Medium

Front 26

*Bacillus Anthracis
- Anthrax

*Clostridum Botulinum
- Botulism, gas gangrene, Botox

*Clostribum Tetani
- Tetanus

*Form spores

Back 26

Endospore Formation
(Certain gram + bacilli)

Front 27

Multi Resistant Staph Aureus

Back 27

MRSA

Front 28

They inhibit or kill bacteria or other microorganisms themselves. They are produced by bacteria or fungi or by synthetic means in the lab

Back 28

Antibiotics (how they kill)

Front 29

Cause death in a debilitated host

Pathogen - cause disease in a normal host

Back 29

Opportunistic Organisms

Front 30

They dont hurt us they live with us. They live in their own areas, own environment. Can become pathogenic, move, overgrow, balance.

Back 30

Normal Flora

Front 31

How rapidly it can produce a change in the physical condition of the host

Back 31

Virulence

Front 32

*Can it protect itself
from host defenses, and being engulfed by phagocyte cells such as leukocytes

*How it attacks the host.
Strength of attaching mechanism

*How rapidly it can produce
in the patient. Rapid reproduction more pathogenic (virulent)

*The physical condition of the host. Immunocompromised, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, transplant patients, weak immune system

Back 32

Virulence Factors

Front 33

Is not alive. Viruses live inside of our tissues cells

Back 33

Virus

Front 34

Infecton with clostribium tetani (gram positive). Excreted from cell. The most potent exotoxin known

Back 34

Exotoxins

Front 35

Gram negative bacteria produce endotoxins. Potent toxins released from the death of the cell. Some cause anaphylactic reaction

Back 35

Endotoxins

Front 36

Live beside the cells. (outside)

Back 36

Bacteria

Front 37

Rod shaped
Gram positive
Anaerobe
Spore former
Secretes Exotoxins
It cause a toxic food poisoning known as botulism
Causes flacid type paralysis

Back 37

Clostridium Botulinum

Front 38

Gram positive
Cocci sphere shape
In pairs and chains
May produce capsules
Aerobic bacteria
Community acquired

Back 38

Streptococcus pneuminiae