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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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To increase oxygen and MAP
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peep and PIP
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What variable is adusted to affect PIP or MAP?
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I:E ratio
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Time over whick Vt is delivered is
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I Time
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Time over which pressure is maintained in mechanical ventilation is known as?
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I Time
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Pressure support the duration of inspiratory determined by
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Patient
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What are potential complications from increasing I time?
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gas trapping, auto peep (intrinsic), barotrauma, less tolerance by patient needing sedation
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What is used to decrease peak pressure?
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decreasing inspiratory flow
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What time determines rise of flow in PC and PRVC?
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rise time
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What rise time is most comfortable for the patient?
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short rise time
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Long rise time may result in a ____ Vt in pressure control mode?
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lower
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Long rise time may result ____ pressure being required?
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higher
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Triggering may ____ triggered or ____ triggered?
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flow, pressure
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What is more sensative between flow and pressure triggering?
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flow
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The greater or smaller the flow the more sensative the trigger?
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smaller
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The ventilator is set to deliver a certain vloume of gas in a set period of time. The pressure generated in the lung will then be dependant on the resistance and compliance of respiratory system?
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volume control mode
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The ventilator is set to deliver a certain level of pressure for a set period of time. The Vt delivered will then be dependant on the resistance and compliance of the respiratory system?
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Pressure control and PRVC
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Patient only recieves breaths when the patient triggers the ventilator?
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Pressure support, Volume support
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Rate, peep, FIO2, I time, Vt are associated with which vent mode?
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volume control
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Instead of Vt what control is used instead in PC mode?
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PIP
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Which simulated a natural respiratory more between VC and PC?
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VC
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Which is more comfortable for the patient VC or PC?
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Vc
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Which mode is a higher risk of barotrauma between VC and PC?
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VC
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Most vented patients use?
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VC
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Neonates use what mode of ventilation?
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VC
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In the or, what mode is used more often?
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VC
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What mode is used most for patients with ARDS and Asthma?
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PC
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How can you indirectly adjust PIP?
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adjust Vt
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Is it possible to control the pH and PCO2 in pressure control even though you do not set a Vt?
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yes, by manipulating the PIP and PEEP
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When indirectly managing Vt in PS you remember the Vt?
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directly proportional to your change in pressure (PIP-PEEP)
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The higher the pressure the ____ the Vt?
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more
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Which are Assist control modes?
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CMV, IMV, VC, PC, PRVC
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What is Atropine used for?
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bradycardias, PEA, Asystole
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COPD emphysema increases or decreases airway resistance?
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increases
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COPD chronic bronchitis increases or decreases lung compliance?
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Increases
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What size LMA is used for a 50 to 70kg patient?
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number 4
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Is static compliance always suppose to be greater than dynamic compliance?
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yes Static is greater than dynamic
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what vent mode is used for ARDS, to have a constant Vt, high or low variable inspiration flow, changing compliance and resistance?
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PRVC
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What is normal APGAR?
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7 to 10
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What test is used to determine inerticial lung disease?
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DLCo
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What is PEEP used to decrease?
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physiological shunting, decrease hypoxemia due to shunting, lower FIO2, maintain and increase FRC
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what is the alveolar ventilation equation?
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VA= Rx(Vt-lbs)
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What graph is used to identify autopeep?
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flow vs time
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To determine a restrictive disease such as Guillian Barre what value is used?
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VC (vital capacity)
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Where is the needle placed to perform a thoracostomy?
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second rib mid clavicular line
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What is the pressure of a PCWP wedge pressure?
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4-12 mmHg (arterial preload)
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what is the equation for VE?
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VtxF
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What is the equation for Vt?
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VE/F
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What is the equation for % of Itime? ex 1:3
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1/ 1:3 = 25%
Insp Flow = VE/%I time ex 9.0/.25= 36L/min |
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What is the equation for VD?
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VD= Vt x (PaCO2-PCO2)/PaCO2
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What is the equation for mg/ml?
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10x2.25=22.5mg/mlx.025ml
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What is the equation for PEFR?
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before bronchodilator-after bronchodilator= /before broncholilator
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What is the equation for Cardiac Output?
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Strove volume x HR
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What is the equation for Insp Pressure flow?
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Vt/Itime / 60 or VE x I time + E time
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When doing a throcentesis what is the best postion for the patient?
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sitting up leaning forward
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To increase PaCO2 what is adjusted on the ventilator?
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PIP, Vt, Frequancy
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What is the equation for Raw?
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peak-plat/flow/secs
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What is the equation for PEFR %?
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L/sec before /L/sec after= x 100
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What is the equation for % of solution?
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1ml x % by 10
1:100=1% solution (1:100=0.01=1%) |
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What nervous system does a bronchodilator affect?
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autonomic
sympathic branch and parasympathic branch |
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What is the indication for a bronchodilator?
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reversable airflow obstruction or bronchospasms
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What are the benifits of a bronchodilator?
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decrease dyspnea, decrease WOB, improve breath sounds, improve air movement, improve flowrates, improve exercise tolerance
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What are the contraindications for a bronchodilator?
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tachycardia, arrhythmias
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explain adrenergic bronchdilators?
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Sympathomimetic, fight or flight, intervates smooth muscle
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How does the adrenergic bronchodilator work?
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stimulating one or more receptors
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What nerve system does an anticholinergic bronchodilator stimulate?
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parasympathic
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What does the anticholinergic bronchodilator effect?
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smooth muscle, bronchoconstriction, decrease heart rate, and is a maintainance drug
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Explain Xanthin drugs
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sympathic, relaxes airways and vasodilation, used for emergancy treatment of bronchoconstriction and maintainance
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Explain Leukotrienes
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propholaxis used for the maintainance of asthma
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examples of leukotreines
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montelukast sodium (Singular)
Zarfirlukast (accolate) Zileuton (Zyflo) |
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What is cromolyn used for?
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Intal- used for kids as a maintainance for asthma its a histomine blocker
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What are steroids used for?
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Maintainance, asthma, COPD, enhances B2 bronchodilators, used in emergancies
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What is TOBI and what is it used for?
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Antibiotic used for CF
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What does Pentamidine used for?
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treat and prevent PCP
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What drugs are used to help with intubation?
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Succinylcholine, pancuronium, tubocurarine, veruronium
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What is nitric oxide used for?
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vasodilator, increase oxygen, decrease pulmonary artery pressure PAP to treat pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary artery hypertension, hypoxic resp failure
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What are the drugs that will increase blood pressure?
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dobutamine dobutrex
dopamine intropin ephinedrine norepinephrine levophed |
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What do diuretics treat?
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hypervolemia
hypertension pulomary edema |
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What are the diuretic drugs?
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acetazolamide
bumetanide chlorothiazide furosemide lasix torsemide |
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What are sedatives used for?
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sedation
muscle relaxation anxiety pain sleep |
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What are the sedation drugs?
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diazepam
ativan propofol |
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What are the narcotic drugs?
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fentanyl
demerol darvon morphene-also used to improve exercise with COPD |
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What drug is used for bradycardia?
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increases heart rate
atropine ephephrine |
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What drugs are used for angina?
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nitroglycerine
proproanolol |
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What drugs are used for tachycardia?
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decrease heart rate
adenosine propranolol verapamil |
