Respiratory System Disease

Front 1

what are the two part of bronchi

Back 1

extra-pulmonary, intrapulmonary

Front 2

what are the two portion of respiratory system

Back 2

conducting and respiratory system

Front 3

conducting system consist of:

Back 3

nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
*note where it starts

Front 4

respiratory portion consist of:

Back 4

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sac, alveoli
*note where it starts

Front 5

name two type of lung cells

Back 5

pneumocyte I (around the wall of alveoli sac) and II (more rare, inside alveoli sac)

Front 6

what is the function of pneumocyte I and II

Back 6

I- gas exchange; II- make surfactant

Front 7

what is ventilation

Back 7

moving air in and out of the terminal portion of the lung

Front 8

what is gas exchange

Back 8

moving gas across tissue barriers in the lung; to and from capillary on alveoli

Front 9

what is obstructive disease

Back 9

pathology that disrupts ventilation

Front 10

what is restrictive disease

Back 10

pathology that prevent gas exchange

Front 11

what is NRDS stands for and what it is

Back 11

neonatal respiratory distress syndrome; hyaline membrane disease

Front 12

what is the cause of NRDS

Back 12

premature birth with lack of surfactant

Front 13

lesion of NRDS

Back 13

atelectasis (alveoli collapse); decrease hyaline membrane lining of alveolar walls

Front 14

what is the manifestation of NRDS

Back 14

tachypenia, dyspenia, cyanosis

Front 15

how many lobes are in the right and left lung

Back 15

3 lobe in right; 2 in left.

Front 16

what is the cause of cystic fibrosis

Back 16

autosomal recessive genetic defect (CFTR gene)

Front 17

what is the lesion of cystic fibrosis

Back 17

defect in negative ion transport across exocrine gland cell membranes; thick excretion body wide; mucus plugging of small bronchi and near by bronchioles; atelectasis

Front 18

manifestations of cystic fibrosis

Back 18

dyspnea, bronchitis, secondary pnemonia, malnutrition (pancreas, intestine effected; pancreas produce digestive juice), abnormal sweat test (Cl channel in skin)

Front 19

what is the cause of asthma

Back 19

a)type I hypersensitivity (mast cell become sensitized, eosinophils are white blood cells that initiate response); often associated with allergies; b)occupational (dust, checmical, cigarette smoke and air pollution); c)exercise

Front 20

what happen during type I hypersensitivity

Back 20

IgE B cells are effected by the antigen, it recepts at the mast cell and mast cell become sensitized, eosinophils are white blood cells that initiate response

Front 21

lesion of airway asthma

Back 21

contraction of smooth muscle in the bronchioles; hypertrophy and hyperplasia of airway glands; bronchial wall thicken chronically

Front 22

manifestations of asthma

Back 22

wheezing; SOB dyspnea; productive cough; secondary infections; thicker mucus

Front 23

name two COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

Back 23

emphysema; chronic bronchitis

Front 24

causes of emphysema

Back 24

cigarette smoke toxin; results in decrease alpha-1 antitrypsin; this results in increase in elastase (breakdown elastin)

Front 25

another name for emphysema

Back 25

"pink puffer"

Front 26

what is the lesion of emphysema

Back 26

rupture of alveolar walls; excessively large alveolar space; decrease elastic recoil; chronically over expanded lungs; decrease air exchange

Front 27

manifestations of emphysema

Back 27

dry cough; pursed lip (help with air exchange); barrel chest; dyspnea (difficult with exhalation)

Front 28

what is another name for chronic bronchitis

Back 28

"blue bloater"

Front 29

what is chronic bronchitis

Back 29

a productive cough that is recurrent and happen in a chunk of 3 months, over 2 years.

Front 30

cause of chronic bronchitis

Back 30

smoking; air pollution

Front 31

what is the lesion of chronic bronchitis

Back 31

mucus gland hyperplasia; decrease cilia and activity (it moves mucus along); bronchi narrow; may develop into emphysema

Front 32

manifestations of chronic bronchitis

Back 32

cyanosis; productive cough; dyspnea; recurrent secondary infection

Front 33

3 main types of lung infections

Back 33

pneumonia; tuberculosis; pnemocystis carinii (jirvoveci) pneumonia

Front 34

name three types of pneumonia

Back 34

lobar pneumonia; bronchopneumonia; interstitial pneumonia.

Front 35

cause lobar pneumonia

Back 35

in halation of virulent bacteria (strep. staph, legionella)

Front 36

lesion of lobar pneumonia

Back 36

inflammation; large segment of lung, usually confined to a single lobe, alveolar exudate

Front 37

manifestation of lobar pneumonia

Back 37

fever (high), dyspnea; leukocytosis; auscultation; x-ray density changes

Front 38

which two pneumonia has infection inside the alveolar sac, which is outside

Back 38

lobar and bronchopneumonia are inside, interstitial is outside.

Front 39

which two pneumonia is more bacterial

Back 39

lobar and bronchopneumonia

Front 40

is bacteria or viral cause of pneumonia more severe

Back 40

bacterial

Front 41

what is the cause of bronchopneumonia

Back 41

debilitation; first-obstruction; second-bacterial invasion (hospital, pharyngeal, hemophilus influenzae, pneumonocytis carinii (aids))

Front 42

what is the lesion of bronchopneumonia

Back 42

inflammation; patchy and widespread; bronchiole and alveolar exudate; less consolidation (more spread out)

Front 43

manifestation of bronchopneumonia

Back 43

variable; dyspnea; auscultation; x-ray (patchy); fever (moderate)

Front 44

cause of interstitial pneumonia

Back 44

viral; influenza virus; mycoplasm; accompany upper respiratory infection

Front 45

lesion of interstitial pneumonia

Back 45

inflammation; alveolar wall exudate; very diffused; interstitial necrosis chronically

Front 46

manifestation of interstitial pneumonia

Back 46

mild; dyspnea; fever; secondary bacterial infection may occur

Front 47

what is the cause of tuberculosis

Back 47

inhalation; bacteria-mycobacterium tuberculosis

Front 48

lesion of TB

Back 48

caseous necrosis; isolated Granuloma (ghon complex); macrophages and bacteria; walled off by lymphocytes, fibroblasts and CT; cavities in lung; fibrous scar; calcification

Front 49

manifestation of TB

Back 49

cough; dyspnea; cachexia; x-ray; skin test (ppd); hemoptosis (cough blood)

Front 50

cause of pneumocysitis carinii

Back 50

pneumocysitis carinii fungus; opportunistic micro-organism in people with AIDS

Front 51

lesion of pneumocysitis carinii

Back 51

diffused; patchy; clear alveolar exudate; airspaces foamy

Front 52

manifestation of pneumocysitis carinii

Back 52

dyspnea; progressive respiratory failure; SEVERE hypoxia

Front 53

other type of respiratory infections that are caused by viral thus not very severe

Back 53

upper respiratory infection; influenza; acute bronchitis

Front 54

what is pneumoconiosis

Back 54

diseases from toxic substances

Front 55

what are the causes of pneumoconiosis

Back 55

inhalation of microscopic, NON biological (anthracosis, silicosis, asbestosis) particles deep into the lung

Front 56

anthrocosis

Back 56

carbon, coal dusts

Front 57

silicosis

Back 57

silica, glass making

Front 58

abestosis

Back 58

asbestos, insulation

Front 59

lesion of penumoconiosis

Back 59

chronic diffuse interstitial inflamm, originally from inside alveoli; long time develope at work; fibrosis of alveolar wall; breakdown of wall form large cystic spaces

Front 60

manifestation of pneumoconiosis

Back 60

dyspnea; emphysema; cancer (mesothelioma)

Front 61

neoplasms of lung is caused by

Back 61

smoking

Front 62

lesion of neoplasm in lung

Back 62

mass of squamous glandular cells

Front 63

manifestation of neoplasm

Back 63

dyspnea, x-ray changes, hemoptysis; infection