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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the primary functions of the respiratory system?
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Obtaining oxygen and removing carbon dioxide
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Respiratory tubes do what?
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filter air and transport air to lungs and microscopic air sacswhere gases are exchanged
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Respiratory organs also do what?
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entrap particles from incoming air produce vocalsounds, sense of smell regulation of blood ph
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What is respiration?
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the entire process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and cells is called respiration
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What is included in the upper respiratory tract?
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nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx
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What is included in lower respiratory tract
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larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs
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Internal hairs of the nose do what?
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prevents entry of large particles carried in the air
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What divides the nasal cavity into right and left portions and is composed of bone and cartilage?
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nasal septum
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what curls out from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity on each side dividing the cavity into passageways?
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Nasal conchae
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what supports the mucous membrane and helps increase its surface area?
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nasal conchae
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What happens to particles that are trapped inthe mucus?
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they are carried to the pharynx by ciliary action swallowed and brought to stomach where gastric juice destroys
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what does the paranasal sinuses do?
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reduce the weight of the skull and resonant chambers that affect quality of the voice
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It is a passage way for food traveling from the oral cavity to the esophagus and for air passing between the nasal cavity and the larynx
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Pharynx
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what helps to produce sound and speech?
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pharynx
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what is an enlargement in the airwayat the top of the trachea and below the pharynx?
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Larynx
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What conducts air in and out of the trachea and prevents foreign objects fromentering the trachea?
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The larynx
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Inside the larynx 2 pairs of horixontal vocal folds make the what?
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vocal cords
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where are the vocal cords housed?
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larynx
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what are the false vocal cords?
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the upper pair
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what are the true vocal cords?
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the lower cords
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what controls the pitch of sound?
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increasing tension or decreasing tension
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what raises the pitch?
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increasing tension
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what lowers the pitch?
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decreasing tension
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Stronger blast of air produce what?
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louder sounds
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Weaker blast of air produce what?
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softer sounds
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during normal breathing vocal cords are?
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relaxed
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What is the triangular slit (opening) between the vocal cords called?
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the glottis
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what closes the glottis when food is swallowed?
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the false vocal cords
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What prevents food from entering the trachea
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the glottis and false vocal cords
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Waht is a flexible cylindrical tube that extends downward snterior to the esophagus?
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Trachea
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what splits into the right and left bronchi?
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the trachea
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what lines the inner walls of the trachea
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ciliated mucous mebrane with many goblet cells
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what consits of branched airways leading fromthe trachea to the microscopic air sacs in the lungs?
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the bronchial tree
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bronchus divides into what?
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sencondary bronchi
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secondary bronchi divides into what
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tertiary bronchi
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tertiary bronchi divided into smaller and smaller tubes called what?
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bronchioles
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bronchioles divide to form what?
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alveolar ducts
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alveolar ducts lead to what?
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alveolar sacs
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alveolar sacs lead to what?
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alveoli
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what is surrounded by capillaries and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood through the walls it?
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alveoli
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what are cone shaped organs in the thoracic cavity?
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lungs
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what is attached to the lungs?
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visceral pleura
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what lines the thoracic cavity?
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parietal pleura
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wht lubricates the pleural cavity?
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serous fluid
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serous fluid does what
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reduces friction between the two pleura
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How many lobes does the right lung have?
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3
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how many lobes does the left lung hae?
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2
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the movement of air from the outside of the body into the and out of the bronchial tree and alveoli is what?
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breathing or ventilation
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What is the force that moves air into the lungs?
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atmospheric pressure due to weight of air
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when does outside air pressure flow into the lungs?
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when pressure inside the lungs decrease
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how does air pressurinside the lungs decrease?
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by increasing the size of the thoracic cavity
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what is the function of
surfactant? |
it is secreted to reduce the aleoli tendencyto collapse.when lung volume is low
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where does the force for expiration come?
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from the elastic recokl of tissues and from surface tension
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what causes the thoracic cage and lungs to recoil and return to thier original shapes
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diaphragm and muscles relaxing following inspiration
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where are gases exchanged?
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alveoli
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what provides andentrancefor air in whichair is filtered?
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nose
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what is a common passagewayfor food and air?
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the Pharynx
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what aids in producing sounds for speach
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the pharynx
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what is superior to the trachea and inferior to the pharnyx
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the larynx
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what is the function of the lower vocal cords?
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sound production
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What closes the glotis when swallowing?
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the vocal cords and the epiglottis
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What is anterioar to the esophagus?
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the trachea
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What does the bronchial tree consist of ?
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branched tubes leading form the trachea to the lungs
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The bronchial tree begins with two primary what?
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bronchi
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where do the bronchi lead?
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to the lungs
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what are the smallest branches ofthe bronchial tree called?
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bronchiols
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what are the lungs seperated by?
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mediastinum
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what are the lungs enclosed by?
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diaphram
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what are theforces of exspirationdue to ?
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the elastic recoil of the lungs and muscle tissus and surface tension
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what are tiny sacs clustered at the distal endofthe aveola ducts?
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aveoli
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Gases diffues from areas ofwhat?
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high pressure to low pressure
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Which of the following organs is a part of the lower respiratory system?
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bronchi
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The function of nasal hairs is to
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prevent entry of large particles in inspired air
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The function of the paranasal sinuses is to
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reduce the weight of the skull act as resonant chambers that affect voice quality both
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Which of the following structures does not participate in the production of speech
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epiglottis
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The membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and forms the lateral walls of the mediastinum is the
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parietal pleura
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The pressure in the thoracic cavity
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is less than atmospheric pressure during inspiration
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The force responsible for normal expiration comes mainly from
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elastic recoil of tissues in the lung and thoracic wall
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The respiratory center responds to concentrations of
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carbon dioxide
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The inflation reflex is activated by
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stretch receptors in the bronchioles and alveoli
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The most abundant gas in room air is
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nitrogen
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Oxygen is transported in the blood
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dissolved in plasma combined with hemoglobin
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what found on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, increase the surface area of nasal mucus membrane
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Nasal conchae,
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what adds moisture to inspired air
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Mucous membranes
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The what is a flap-like structure that closes the larynx
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epiglottis
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When the diaphragm contracts, the size of the thoracic cavity increases, and pressure within the cavity does what?
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decreases
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Attraction of the pleural membranes for each other helps maintain reduced pressure in the thorax compared to the atmosphere in what?
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in the thorax compared to the atmosphere
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